The Effect of Rapid Relaxation Exercise and Cold Application on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction Before Chest Tube Removal
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 87
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
研究概览
简要总结
A chest tube is inserted to drain air, fluid, or blood from the pleural space and is vital for restoring respiratory function in the postoperative period. However, tube removal is often described by patients as one of the most painful and anxiety-provoking experiences. The sudden negative pressure changes that occur during the procedure, the stretching of the tissues, and the separation of the tube from the pleural tissue cause pain. This leads not only to physical discomfort but also to increased anxiety. Effectively controlling pain after surgical procedures is crucial for reducing complications and improving patient satisfaction. While pharmacological methods are often the first choice, interest in non-pharmacological approaches is increasing due to side effects and cost. In this context, rapid relaxation exercises and cold application are among the methods that are easy to implement, have no side effects, and have proven effective in nursing care. Rapid relaxation exercises are a simple breathing and muscle control technique that allows individuals to relax quickly by reducing muscle tension. This method balances the autonomic nervous system, producing both physiological and psychological relief. This helps reduce pain perception, control anxiety, and improve patient confidence. Cold application, on the other hand, reduces nerve conduction velocity by causing regional vasoconstriction and raises the pain threshold, providing an analgesic effect. Literature indicates that cold application is effective in reducing pain during invasive procedures such as chest tube removal and also increases patient satisfaction. Based on this information, the combined use of rapid relaxation exercise and cold application before chest tube removal may have a synergistic effect in reducing pain and anxiety. Furthermore, the noninvasiveness, ease of application, and cost-effectiveness of these methods provide significant advantages for nursing practice.This study was designed to determine the effects of rapid relaxation exercise and cold application before hest tube removal on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction.
详细描述
Open-heart surgery is a major surgical procedure frequently used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After such operations, a chest tube is usually placed to drain air, fluid, and blood accumulated in the chest cavity. While a chest tube is vital in the postoperative period, it can cause intense pain, anxiety, and discomfort in patients during its removal. The literature reports that negative experiences during this process can significantly impact patient satisfaction, comfort, and overall well-being. The pain felt during chest tube removal is usually sudden, sharp, and short-lived; however, this pain can deepen the physical and psychological dimensions of the trauma experienced by the individual. Furthermore, increased anxiety can lead to undesirable physiological changes in cardiac patients, impairing hemodynamic stability. Therefore, investigating the effectiveness of non-invasive, low-cost, and easy-to-implement nursing interventions is crucial for improving the quality of patient care. Cold application (cryotherapy) and relaxation exercises are among the frequently used complementary methods to reduce pain and anxiety in the postoperative period. Cold application provides an analgesic effect by slowing nerve conduction; Rapid relaxation exercises, on the other hand, activate the parasympathetic nervous system, providing psychological relief. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of this technique during chest tube removal. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials examining the combined use of these interventions are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rapid relaxation exercises and cold application on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction before chest tube removal.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Conscious, oriented, and cooperative.
- •Can speak and understand Turkish.
- •Does not have any psychiatric illness.
- •Has a chest tube and is in a stable general condition.
- •Has undergone a chest tube procedure for the first time.
- •Is 18 years of age or older.
- •Has not taken analgesics or sedatives 4 hours before the procedure.
- •Has no vision or hearing problems.
- •Volunteers to participate in the study.
排除标准
- •Patients with any cognitive or psychological disorders
- •Those who have had a chest tube placed before,
- •Those who are on a mechanical ventilator (intubated),
- •Those with chronic pain and routine painkiller use,
- •Those with vision or hearing problems,
- •Those who are taking analgesics immediately before chest tube removal.
- •Patients who did not volunteer to participate in the study
研究组 & 干预措施
Cold Application
Cold Application
干预措施: Cold Application (Other)
Rapid Relaxation Exercise
Rapid Relaxation Exercise
干预措施: Rapid Relaxation Exercise (Other)
Standard care
In our study, no intervention other than the clinical protocol will be applied to the control group patients before chest tube removal.
结局指标
主要结局
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
时间窗: 15 minutes
This scale, developed by Price et al. (1983), begins with 0 representing "no pain" and ends with 10 representing "unbearable pain." The patient is asked to score between 0 and 10 to express the severity of pain. The marked value represents the patient's pain score.
State Anxiety Inventory
时间窗: 15 minutes
This scale was developed by Spielberger et al. (1970) to measure the anxiety levels of individuals aged 14 and over. This study will use the 20-item "State Anxiety Inventory Scale" section of this two-section, 40-item scale. This Likert-type scale is rated according to the severity of the situation represented by the items: "not at all": 1, "a little": 2, "a lot": 3, and "completely": 4. This scale includes direct and reversed statements (items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20), and the scores for the reversed statements are calculated by converting them. Scores are adjusted so that 1 point = 4, 2 points = 3, 3 points = 2, and 4 points = 1. The scores for the other statements are taken as is and added. The anxiety score is obtained by subtracting the total score obtained from the reversed statements from the total score obtained for the direct statements and adding the predetermined constant value (the constant value for the state anxiety scale is 50). Possible scores for this i
Satisfaction Assessment Scale
时间窗: 15 minutes
This scale consists of a 10-cm vertical line without numbers to determine an individual's level of satisfaction. At one end of the line are the words "I am not satisfied at all" and at the other end are the words "I am very satisfied." The individual determines their level of satisfaction by considering all the components affecting them regarding the medical care provided and marks the point on the line corresponding to this state. The literature supports the use of this scale to measure satisfaction levels and has been reported to yield more reliable results. This scale will be used in the study to determine the level of satisfaction experienced by the individual with the intervention.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Tülay KILINÇ
Principal Investigator
Ataturk University