GD2-CAR PERSIST: Production and Engineering of GD2-Targeted, Receptor Modified T Cells (GD2CART) for Osteosarcoma or Neuroblastoma to Increase Systemic Tumor Exposure
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Status
- Suspended
- Enrollment
- 73
- Locations
- 6
- Primary Endpoint
- Incidence of adverse events (AEs)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This phase I trial investigates the side effects and determines the best dose of an immune cell therapy called GD2CART, as well as how well it works in treating patients with osteosarcoma or neuroblastoma that has come back (relapsed) or does not respond to treatment (refractory). T cells are infection fighting blood cells that can kill tumor cells. The T cells given in this trial will come from the patient and will have a new gene put in them that makes them able to recognize GD2, a protein on the surface of tumor cells. These GD2-specific T cells may help the body's immune system identify and kill GD2 positive tumor cells.
Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Determine the feasibility of producing T cells modified to express a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (GD2-CAR-expressing autologous T-lymphocytes [GD2CART]) meeting established release criteria using a dasatinib containing culture platform and retroviral vector in the Miltenyi CliniMACS Prodigy (Registered Trademark) system.
II. Determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) via administration of escalating doses of autologous GD2CART in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma following cyclophosphamide-fludarabine based lymphodepletion.
III. Determine clinical activity in a preliminary fashion of autologous GD2CART in children and young adults with relapsed, refractory osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Na
- Intervention Model
- Single Group
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- — to 40 Years (Child, Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Must have histologically confirmed neuroblastoma or osteosarcoma that is recurrent or refractory and for which standard curative measures do not exist or are no longer effective. Must have histologic verification of their disease at diagnosis or at relapse
- •Patients with osteosarcoma in the dose escalation cohort, must have evaluable or measurable disease at enrollment
- •Patients with osteosarcoma in the expansion cohort must have measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) at enrollment
- •Patients with neuroblastoma in the dose escalation or dose the expansion cohort must have:
- •Prior progressive disease OR refractory disease present since diagnosis AND at least one of the following:
- •Evidence of tumor in the bone marrow (BM) less than or equal to 5%
- •At least one metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)-avid soft tissue or skeletal site
- •For MIBG-nonavid disease, at least one FDG-PET- positive soft tissue or skeletal site plus past histologic confirmation
- •Progressive disease is defined as any disease progression occurring at any time after the diagnosis of high-risk neuroblastoma. Refractory disease is defined as an incomplete response of high-risk neuroblastoma to all treatments but without disease progression
- •NOTE: Disease assessment will be required within 2 weeks prior to lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Patients will need to meet criteria for having low burden disease prior to the start of lymphodepleting chemotherapy
- •Must be < 40 years of age
- •There is no limit to the number of prior treatment regimens. The following washout periods prior to leukapheresis apply to patients undergoing leukapheresis on this study. If a patient has cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stored, the following washout periods are strongly recommended but not required and the product is useable if it meets the criteria established in this Investigational New Drug (IND)
- •Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Patients must not have received myelosuppressive chemotherapy within 3 weeks of leukapheresis (6 weeks if prior nitrosourea)
- •Hematopoietic growth factors: At least 7 days must have elapsed since the completion of therapy with a short-acting growth factor. At least 14 days must have elapsed after receiving pegfilgrastim
- •Biological agent, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targeted agent, metronomic chemotherapy: At least 7 days must have elapsed since the completion of therapy with a biologic agent, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targeted agent, or metronomic non-myelosuppressive regimen
- •131I-MIBG or other radioisotope therapy: At least 6 weeks must have elapsed since prior therapy with 131I-MIBG. At least 6 weeks or 10 half-lives (whichever is shorter) must have elapsed since prior therapy with any other radioisotope
- •Monoclonal antibodies and checkpoint inhibitors: At least 3 weeks or 5 half-lives (whichever is shorter) must have elapsed since prior therapy that included a monoclonal antibody or checkpoint inhibitor
- •Radiotherapy (XRT): 3 weeks must have elapsed since XRT; at least 6 weeks if XRT involved central nervous system (CNS) or lung fields; and at least 12 weeks from total-body irradiation (TBI), craniospinal XRT, or XRT involving ≥ 50% bony pelvis, with the exception that there is no time restriction for palliative radiation with minimal bone marrow involvement and the patient has measurable/evaluable disease outside the radiation port or the site of radiation has documented progression
- •Vaccine therapy, anti-GD2 mAb therapy, or therapy with any genetically engineered T cells: Patients may have received previous vaccine therapy, anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, or therapy with any genetically engineered T cells except prior GD2 CAR T cell therapy. At least 3 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter, must have elapsed since any prior vaccine or monoclonal antibody therapy. At least 42 days must have elapsed since prior modified T cell, natural killer (NK) cell, or dendritic cell therapy
- •Allogeneic stem cell transplant/infusion: At least 12 weeks must have elapsed since allogeneic stem cell transplant and without evidence of active graft versus host disease (GVHD)
- •Autologous stem cell transplant/infusion: Patients who received an autologous stem cell infusion following myeloablative therapy should be at least 6 weeks from their infusion. Patients who received an autologous stem cell infusion following non-myeloablative therapy do not have a wash-out period; they are eligible once they meet all other eligibility requirements, including recovery from acute side effects
- •Must meet parameters for apheresis per institutional guidelines. (This criterion does not apply to patients with apheresis product or usable T cell product available for use). Cryopreserved PBMCs stored from participation in other institutional cell therapy or cell collection studies or standard of care may be used to generate the cellular product on this study if they meet the criteria established in this IND
- •Patients > 16 years of age must have Karnofsky >= 70%. Patients =< 16 years of age must have Lansky scale ≥ 70%; corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 1
- •Leukocytes >= 750/mcL (Patients must not be refractory to transfusions)
- •Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 500/mcL (Patients must not be refractory to transfusions.)
- •Platelets for both patients with and without bone marrow involvement >= 75,000/mcL (transfusion independent defined as no transfusion in prior 7 days) (Patients must not be refractory to transfusions.)
- •Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGOT is 50 U/L and the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
- •Albumin >= 3 g/dL
- •Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional ULN for age. Patients with Gilbert's syndrome are excluded from the requirement of a normal bilirubin and patients will not be excluded if bilirubin elevation is due to tumor involvement. (Patients with Gilbert's syndrome are excluded from this requirement as long as they have a normal direct/conjugated bilirubin). [Gilbert's syndrome is found in 3-10% of the general population, and is characterized by mild, chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the absence of liver disease or overt hemolysis]. Note: Adult values will be used for calculating hepatic toxicity and determining eligibility.
- •International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5
- •Age, maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL):
- •1 month to < 6 months: 0.4 (male), 0.4 (female)
- •6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 (male), 0.5 (female)
- •1 to < 2 years: 0.6 (male), 0.6 (female)
- •2 to < 6 years: 0.8 (male), 0.8 (female)
- •6 to < 10 years: 1 (male), 1 (female)
- •10 to < 13 years: 1.2 (male), 1.2 (female)
- •13 to < 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.2 (female)
- •>= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female) OR Creatinine clearance or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for patients with levels above institutional normal
- •Cardiac ejection fraction >= 50% or shortening fraction >= 28%. No clinically significant cardiac dysfunction or pericardial effusion as determined by an ECHO. No clinically significant electrocardiogram (ECG) findings
- •Pulmonary status: No clinically significant pleural effusion (i.e., pleural effusion > grade 1). Baseline oxygen saturation > 92% on room air at rest
- •No acute neurotoxicity greater than grade 2 or any acute neurological toxicity that would impact the investigator's ability to evaluate CAR induced neurotoxicity, with the exception of decreased tendon reflex (DTR). Any grade of DTR is eligible
- •Females of child-bearing potential and males of reproductive potential who are sexually active must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) from the start of study enrollment until 6 months after GD2 CAR T cell infusion (or until the duration of study participation, in the case of patients who start lymphodepleting chemotherapy but do not receive the GD2 CART infusion). Should a female become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
- •Note: Females of childbearing potential are defined as those who are past the onset of menarche and are not surgically sterile (i.e., bilateral salpingectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, complete hysterectomy) or post menopausal
- •All patients >= 18 years of age must be able to give informed consent or if unable to give consent have a legal authorized representative (LAR) who can give consent for the patient. For patients < 18 years old their LAR (i.e., parent or legal guardian) must give informed consent. Pediatric patients will be included in age appropriate discussion and verbal assent will be obtained for those > 7 years of age, when appropriate, according to local policy
Exclusion Criteria
- •Receiving any other current investigational agents
- •History of anaphylactic reactions attributed to anti-GD2 antibodies or to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to GD2CART, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, or other agents used in this study. History of hypersensitivity to dornase alfa, Chinese hamster ovary cell products, or any of the components of pulmozyme
- •Patients who require systemic corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive therapy. (A one-week washout from systemic corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive therapy is permitted.) Use of physiologic doses of corticosteroids (up to 3 mg/m^2/day prednisone equivalent) are permitted. Use of topical, ocular, intra-articular, intra-nasal, or inhaled corticosteroids are permitted
- •Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
- •History of additional malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ (e.g., cervix, bladder, breast) unless untreated and stable or disease free for at least 3 years
- •Patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases are not eligible unless CNS metastases have been previously treated and sequential imaging shows no evidence for active disease in the CNS.
- •CNS disorder such as cerebrovascular ischemia/hemorrhage, dementia, cerebellar disease, or autoimmune disease with CNS involvement that in the judgement of the investigator may impair the ability to evaluate neurotoxicity
- •Presence of fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection that is uncontrolled
- •Ongoing infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive), or hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV positive) as the immunosuppression contained in this study will pose unacceptable risk. A history of HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C is permitted if the viral load is undetectable per quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or nucleic acid testing
- •Primary immunodeficiency or history of systemic autoimmune disease (e.g., Crohns, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus) requiring systemic immunosuppression/systemic disease modifying agents within the last 2 years
- •Females of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test. Pregnant females are excluded from this study because the effects of autologous GD2CART on the developing human fetus are unknown and because the chemotherapy agents used in this trial (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine) are category D agents with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Additionally, because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events (AEs) in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with cyclophosphamide/fludarabine, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with cyclophosphamide/fludarabine. These potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study
- •In the investigator's judgment, unlikely to complete protocol-required study visits or procedures, including follow-up visits, or comply with the study requirements for participation. Or in the investigator's judgment, if the patient is likely to develop significant toxicity and morbidity from CAR-T cell expansion mediated inflammation based on location of tumor site
Arms & Interventions
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Echocardiography Test (Procedure)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Cyclophosphamide (Drug)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Questionnaire Administration (Other)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart (Procedure)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Biospecimen Collection (Procedure)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Bone Marrow Biopsy (Procedure)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Fludarabine Phosphate (Drug)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Multigated Acquisition Scan (Procedure)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Biopsy Procedure (Procedure)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Bone Marrow Aspiration (Procedure)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: GD2-CAR-expressing Autologous T-lymphocytes (Biological)
Treatment (GD2 CAR T)
LYMPHODEPLETION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV daily on days -4 to -2 and cyclophosphamide IV daily on days -3 to -2.
GD2CART: Patients receive GD2CART cells IV on day 0.
Patients also undergo ECHO, MUGA or cardiac MRI scan, blood sample collection throughout the trial, and tumor biopsies and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy as clinically indicated. In addition, patients undergo standard imaging scans throughout the trial.
Intervention: Imaging Procedure (Procedure)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Incidence of adverse events (AEs)
Time Frame: Up to 15 years
Safety of GD2CART will be by the incidence and severity of dose limiting toxicities, treatment emergent AEs, serious adverse events, laboratory abnormalities, changes in vital signs, and changes in physical examination following infusion of GD2CART cells.
Feasibility of producing GD2-CAR-expressing autologous T-lymphocytes (GD2CART) cells
Time Frame: Up to day 28 days after cell infusion
Pre-amendment #5: Success will be defined by manufacturing and expansion of GD2CART to satisfy the targeted dose level and meet the requirements of the Certificate of Analysis. Specifically, dose escalation will proceed if 3 or more of the first 3 to 6 patients in a dose level are able to produce adequate cells for evaluation. Amendment #5: Success will be defined by manufacturing and expansion of GD2CART to satisfy the targeted dose level and meet the requirements of the Certificate of Analysis (COA). Specifically, dose escalation will not proceed if less than 3 patients in a dose level are able to produce adequate cells for evaluation.
Maximum tolerated dose
Time Frame: Up to day 28 days after cell infusion
Estimate of the maximum tolerated dose of autologous GD2CART in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma following cyclophosphamide-fludarabine based lymphodepletion defined as the dose at which less than 33% of evaluable patients experience a cycle 1 dose limiting toxicity.
Best response to GD2CART cells
Time Frame: Up to day 28 days after cell infusion
Simon's two stage design will be used to evaluate the clinical benefit of GD2CART after conditioning lymphodepletion chemotherapy in two groups of patients: children and young adults with recurrent, refractory osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma.
Secondary Outcomes
- Persistence of GD2CART cells(Up to 5 years)
- Capacity for rimiducid (AP1903) to reverse unacceptable toxicity related to GD2CART administration(Up to 28 days after cell infusion)
- Feasibility and tolerability of a second infusion of GD2CART cells(After a 2nd infusion of GD2CART cells)