Comparing the Immediate Effects of Muscle Flossing and Foam Roller Applied to Iliotibial Band on Vastus Medialis Oblique Muscle Electromyography Activity and Iliotibial Band Flexibility in Long Distance Runners: An Experimental Study

Long-distance runners usually experience musculoskeletal difficulties associated with the Iliotibial Band (ITB) and Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO), both of which play critical roles in lower limb stability and knee function. ITB tightness is frequently related to disorders like Iliotibial Band friction syndrome (ITBS), a leading cause of lateral knee pain in runners, whereas insufficient VMO activation can contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and knee instability. These problems not only impair athletic performance but also increase the likelihood of chronic injuries, requiring extensive recovery and time away from training.

While various strategies exist to improve ITB flexibility and VMO activation, muscle flossing and foam rolling have gained popularity as potential interventions. According to the studies we came across muscle flossing is effective for increasing neuromuscular activation and joint mobility in the short term and foam rolling appears more useful for reducing muscle soreness and enhancing temporary flexibility.

Both techniques are commonly used and have explored their benefits in different muscle groups. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence specifically examining their effects on the ITB and VMO, particularly in the running population.

Understanding which technique yields superior outcomes could help athletes, coaches, and sports physiotherapy professionals make informed decisions about recovery and injury prevention strategies.