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Safety/Efficacy Study of Subcutaneously Injected Prandial Insulins Compared to Insulin Lispro Alone in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Registration Number
NCT01194245
Lead Sponsor
Halozyme Therapeutics
Brief Summary

The purpose of the study is to compare Humalog (Insulin lispro)-recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) or Novolog (Insulin aspart)-rHuPH20 to Humalog (Insulin lispro) for the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in basal-bolus therapy.

Detailed Description

Criteria for randomization into the study included 1) fasting blood glucose and predinner glucose values in the range of 70 to 140 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) approximately 60% of the time for 7 days prior to randomization 2) 90 minute or 2-hour postprandial blood glucose \<220 mg/dL approximately 70% of the time for 7 days prior to randomization and 3) successfully completed 3 days of 10-point glucose monitoring and have at least 4 self-monitored blood glucose values on all non-10-point monitoring days. Participants that did not meet 1 or more of these criteria during a 4- to 6-week Titration Period were not randomized.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
135
Inclusion Criteria
  • Males or females aged ≥18 years
  • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) treated with insulin for ≥12 months
  • Body mass index (BMI) 18.0 to 40.0 kilograms per square meter (kg/m^2).
  • Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level 6.7% to 8.2%, inclusive
  • Fasting C-peptide <0.6 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL)
  • Willingness to use twice daily (BID) insulin glargine as basal insulin for the duration of the study
  • Willingness to avoid use of an insulin infusion pump or unblinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during the study
Exclusion Criteria
  • Known or suspected allergy to any component of any of the study drugs
  • Use of pramlintide within 30 days of Screening
  • Use of drugs during the study or within 30 days of Screening (such as corticosteroids or antimetabolites) that could interfere with the interpretation of study results or are known to cause clinically relevant interference with insulin action, glucose utilization, or recovery from hypoglycemia
  • Recurrent severe hypoglycemia (more than 2 episodes over the last 6 months) or hypoglycemic unawareness, as judged by the Investigator

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
CROSSOVER
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Lispro-PH20 / Insulin Lisprorecombinant human hyaluronidase PH20All enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Lispro-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin lispro with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Aspart-PH20 / Insulin Lisprorecombinant human hyaluronidase PH20All enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Aspart-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin aspart with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Lispro-PH20 / Insulin LisproInsulin lisproAll enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Lispro-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin lispro with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Lispro-PH20 / Insulin LisproInsulin glulisineAll enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Lispro-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin lispro with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Lispro-PH20 / Insulin LisproInsulin glargineAll enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Lispro-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin lispro with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Aspart-PH20 / Insulin LisproInsulin lisproAll enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Aspart-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin aspart with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Aspart-PH20 / Insulin LisproInsulin aspartAll enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Aspart-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin aspart with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Aspart-PH20 / Insulin LisproInsulin glulisineAll enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Aspart-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin aspart with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Aspart-PH20 / Insulin LisproInsulin glargineAll enrolled participants underwent a titration period of 4-6 weeks in which they received 100 units per milliliter (U/mL) insulin glulisine, injected subcutaneously (SC), pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually. Next participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study treatments (Treatment A or B) for the first of two, 3-month treatment cycles. Each participant then received the second treatment for the second cycle with no washout period. Aspart-PH20 (Treatment A): 100 U/mL insulin aspart with 5.0 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Insulin Lispro (Treatment B): 100 U/mL insulin lispro, injected SC, pre-meals, with doses titrated to each participant individually Throughout the study, participants requiring basal insulin used twice daily SC injections of 100 U/mL insulin glargine.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) at the End of Each Treatment PeriodBaseline, Week 12 and Week 24

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) levels were measured at baseline (Week 0) and at the end of each treatment period (Week 12 and Week 24). Data are presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). Least Squares (LS) means were calculated from mixed effects linear models with treatment (Lispro, Aspart), recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20; yes, no), and treatment sequence as fixed effects and participant within treatment sequence as a random effect.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Mean Daily Insulin DoseWeek 10 and Week 22

Prandial insulin doses were recorded during 10-point glucose monitoring for a total of 3 days during each treatment period (3 days during Week 10 of Treatment Period 1 and 3 days during Week 22 of Treatment Period 2). The mean daily insulin dose over the 3 days during each treatment period is presented. Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts).

Percentage of Participants Meeting Glucose TargetsBaseline through Week 24, excluding 10-point glucose monitoring days

Participants were instructed to monitor their blood glucose levels a minimum of 4 times per day on all non-10-point glucose monitoring days. The number of participants meeting 90-minute postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) targets of \<140 and \<180 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for at least 2/3 of values during non-10-point glucose monitoring days was recorded. The percentage was calculated by dividing the number of participants with values meeting the specified target at least 2/3 of the time by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts).

Rates of Hypoglycemia at the End of Each Treatment PeriodWeek 12 and Week 24

Overall rates of hypoglycemia (blood glucose ≤70 milligrams per deciliter \[mg/dL\] and \<56 mg/dL) were calculated based on 4 weeks of observation for each treatment period. Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts). A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.

Change From Baseline in Body Weight at the End of Each Treatment PeriodBaseline, Week 12 and Week 24

Body weight was measured at baseline (Week 0) and at the end of each treatment period (Week 12 and Week 24). Data is presented by combined treatment group (Lispro-PH20 + Aspart-PH20 = Analog-PH20) and combined comparator drug (Insulin Lispro from both cohorts).

Mean Daily Postprandial Glucose (PPG) ExcursionsWeek 10 and Week 22

Participants performed 10-point glucose monitoring for a total of 3 days during each treatment period (3 days during Week 10 of Treatment Period 1 and 3 days during Week 22 of Treatment Period 2). Mean daily postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) excursions (referring to the change in blood glucose levels from before to after a meal) during 10-point glucose monitoring for breakfast, lunch, and dinner are presented. Data were collected 1 and 2 hours (hr) after each meal for 3 days and the means of each excursion are presented.

Trial Locations

Locations (19)

Mercury Street Medical

🇺🇸

Butte, Montana, United States

Mid-America Diabetes Associates

🇺🇸

Wichita, Kansas, United States

Rocky Mountain Diabetes and Osteoporosis Center

🇺🇸

Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States

Tulane University Health Sciences Center

🇺🇸

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care

🇺🇸

Hollywood, Florida, United States

AMCR Institute, Inc.

🇺🇸

Escondido, California, United States

Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute

🇺🇸

La Jolla, California, United States

Mills-Peninsula Health Services

🇺🇸

San Mateo, California, United States

Medstar Research Institute

🇺🇸

Hyattsville, Maryland, United States

Desert Endocrinology

🇺🇸

Henderson, Nevada, United States

UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

🇺🇸

Dallas, Texas, United States

Texas Diabetes and Endocrinology

🇺🇸

Round Rock, Texas, United States

West Olympia Internal Medicine

🇺🇸

Olympia, Washington, United States

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes

🇺🇸

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Diabetes Research Institute

🇺🇸

Miami, Florida, United States

Henry Ford Health System

🇺🇸

Detroit, Michigan, United States

International Diabetes Center

🇺🇸

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

University of Washington School of Medicine

🇺🇸

Seattle, Washington, United States

Cetero Research-San Antonio

🇺🇸

San Antonio, Texas, United States

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