"Facemask Use During High-intensity Interval Exercise in Temperate and Hot Environments"
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 10
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Average Stroke Volume Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
研究概览
简要总结
To investigate surgical mask use and high-intensity interval exercise across different environmental conditions.
详细描述
Mask use in public settings is recommended to limit the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the disease known as COVID-19 and endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Wearing a mask during exercise may have implications for recreational exercisers and athletes that train and compete at a high exercise intensities as it has been shown to limit ventilation (VE) and increase end-tidal CO2 compared to a no-mask control. For example, N95 masks are designed to fit more tightly around the nose and mouth than other types of masks and have been shown to reduce markers of maximal exercise performance compared to a no-mask control for individuals performing an incremental ramp protocol on a cycle ergometer.
In contrast to N95 masks being reserved for health care workers, surgical masks certified by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are easily accessible to wear during exercise to reduce the risk of COVID-19 spread. Indeed, these masks fit more loosely than the N95, but did not reduce maximal power (Pmax), relative oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min), or test duration in two studies where participants performed a progressive maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Further, surgical mask use during a progressive maximal cycling exercise protocol did not change cardiovascular, metabolic, and pulmonary measurements when compared to a no-mask condition in healthy individuals, with the exception of a decrease in maximal heart rate (HRmax). Another recent study using a progressive maximal cycling exercise protocol showed no change in (HRmax) using cycle ergometry when surgical mask use was compared to a no-mask condition. While this type of progressive maximal exercise test is frequently used for clinical and laboratory settings to assess cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic markers, this type of exercise protocol is not often employed by athletes seeking to improve performance or recreational exercisers taking action to improve fitness. Because this exercise protocol is not used by athletes or recreational exercisers to train, it is difficult to translate the results of mask use during progressive maximal exercise tests to commonly practiced forms of exercise. In fact, a recent meta-analysis concludes that wearing a mask elicits a minimal impact on cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic variables across a wide array of exercise intensities and modalities, however, high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was not included in this analysis, nor were hot environmental temperatures. Thus, the physiologic or metabolic responses while wearing a medical-grade surgical mask are not yet known with HIIE in both temperate and hot environments.
High intensity interval exercise is a popular time-efficient training method that involves short high intensity bouts followed by either active (low/moderate intensity exercise) or passive (no exercise) rest bouts. High intensity interval exercise has been shown to be a safe and effective way to increase physical fitness or performance in a diverse population that include exercisers in recreational, competitive, and clinical settings. Further, as HIIE can be performed in either an indoor or outdoor environment and using a mask may increase the physiological and perceptual strain of the exercise depending on the temperature and humidity. In a hot environment (40°C and 20% humidity), no difference was found in skin temperature under or outside a KN95 mask in healthy males that performed 45-minutes of moderate intensity physical activity that mimicked movements required in occupational settings. Also, no difference was found in whole body thermal discomfort, and an increase in perceived breathlessness by 36% was observed. In addition, surgical mask use during 30 minutes of mild uphill treadmill exercise did not increase risk of heat stroke in a hot and humid environment. To date, no research study has investigated the effects of surgical mask use during HIIE in different environmental conditions.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surgical mask use during HIIE on cardiovascular, metabolic, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses in temperate and hot environments.
Methodsː In a randomized fashion, ten healthy participants completed two HIIE sessions in a 36°C hot (HIIE-HOT) and two HIIE sessions in a 23°C temperate environment (HIIE-TEMP) while wearing (MASK) and not wearing a surgical mask (CON).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Sequential
- 主要目的
- Health Services Research
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •18 years of age or older and, are able to both speak and read in English.
- •Physically active and used to high-intensity exercise.
- •No known serious medical conditions.
排除标准
- •Vulnerable populations such as children, minors, pregnant women, and intellectually challenged individuals.
- •Those with cardiovascular, renal, metabolic, or chronic respiratory disease, smokers or those who have quit smoking less than 6 months ago, and those who use an inhaler to control for exercise-induced asthma.
- •In addition, exclusion criteria include participants who show any signs or symptoms of COVID-19 and have had exposure to anyone with COVID-19 symptoms or any person that has tested positive for COVID-19.
研究组 & 干预措施
No mask temperate
Participant exercised in room temperature environment not wearing a surgical face mask
干预措施: High-intensity interval exercise without using a surgical face mask in a temperate environment (Other)
Mask temperate
Participant exercised in room temperature environment while wearing a surgical face mask
干预措施: High-intensity interval exercise with surgical face mask in a temperate environment (Device)
No mask hot
Participant exercised in a hot environmental temperature not wearing a surgical face mask
干预措施: High-intensity interval exercise without using a surgical face mask in a hot environment (Other)
Mask hot
Participant exercised in a hot environmental temperature while wearing a surgical face mask
干预措施: High-intensity interval exercise with surgical face mask in a hot environment (Device)
结局指标
主要结局
Average Stroke Volume Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
Stroke volume measured in milliliters using a cardiograph impedance device (PhysioFlow)
Average Cardiac Output Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
Cardiac output measured in liters per minute using a cardiograph impedance device (PhysioFlow)
Sweat Rate During Exercise
时间窗: Change from Baseline (rest) prior to exercise and after 20-minutes of exercise
Amount of fluid loss through sweat over the course of exercise reported in milliliters per hour. This was calculated by taking difference of pre- and post-exercise body weight in kilograms while accounting for fluid intake and urine volume.
Average Heart Rate Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
Heart rate measured in beats per minute using a cardiograph impedance device (PhysioFlow)
Lactate at 5-minutes Post Exercise
时间窗: 5-minutes post exercise
Blood lactate measured in millimoles per liter. This measurement was taken at the earlobe using a sterile lancet to obtain a drop of blood for analysis.
Peak Core Temperature
时间窗: The highest value recorded during a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
The highest core body temperature measured in degrees Celsius during high-intensity interval exercise
Average Blood Oxygen Saturation Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
A pulse oximeter was placed on a finger and used to measure the percentage of oxygen saturated blood.
Peak Rating of Perceived Exertion Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: Baseline (rest) and every four minutes that was assessed up to 20 minutes into exercise. The highest value was recorded for each exercise session.
Participants were asked to indicate on a visual scale from 6 (no exertion) to 20 (maximal exertion) their perceived difficulty of exercise. The highest recorded value was reported.
Change From Baseline (Rest) in Core Temperature to the End of Exercise
时间窗: Baseline (rest) prior to exercise and immediately after 20-minutes of exercise
The difference in core temperature from rest prior to exercise and at the end of exercise
Dehydration After Exercise
时间窗: Change from baseline at rest and after 20-minutes of exercise
Percentage of body weight fluid loss represented as a percentage of change from baseline and after 20 minutes of exercise
Average Perceived Dyspnea Score Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: Measurements were taken prior to, 10 minutes into exercise, and immediately after exercise (at 20 minutes). These measurements were averaged to form a single value for the high-intensity interval exercise session.
The participants were presented a vertical 200 millimeter long line with the top of the line labeled "No Difficulty" and the bottom of the line labeled "Most Difficult". The participants were then asked to indicated on this line how difficult it was to breath by pointing to a point along the line presented to them. Once the participant indicated along the line how difficult it was to breath the researcher then marked the spot on the line with a pen. To quantify the measurement, the distance, measured in millimeters, was taken from the "No Difficulty" end of the line (0 millimeters) to the indicated mark with the maximum difficulty recorded as 200 millimeters.
Averaged Rating of Perceived Exertion Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: Baseline (rest) and every four minutes that assessed up to 20 minutes into exercise. These values were averaged into one value for each exercise session.
Participants were asked to indicate on a visual scale from 6 (no exertion) to 20 (maximal exertion) their perceived difficulty of exercise. The highest recorded value was reported.
Average Muscle Tissue Oxygenation During the High-intensity Portions of the Exercise Session
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
A near-infra red spectroscopy device was placed over the vastus lateralis of the dominant leg. This device measured the percentage of oxygenated muscle tissue.
Average Muscle Tissue Oxygenation During the Active Rest Portions of the Exercise Session
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
A near-infra red spectroscopy device was placed over the vastus lateralis of the dominant leg. This device measured the percentage of oxygenated muscle tissue.
Peak Thermal Sensation Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: Baseline (rest) and every four minutes that was assessed up to 20 minutes into exercise. The highest value was recorded for each exercise session.
Participants were asked to indicate on a visual scale from 0 (very cold) to 8 (very hot) their perceived thermal sensation. The highest recorded value was reported.
Average Thermal Sensation Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: Baseline (rest) and every four minutes that was assessed up to 20 minutes into exercise. These values were averaged into one value for each exercise session.
Participants were asked to indicate on a visual scale from 0 (very cold) to 8 (very hot) their perceived thermal sensation.
Peak Heart Rate Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
Peak heart rate measured in beats per minute using a cardiograph impedance device (PhysioFlow)
Average Change in Muscle Tissue Oxygenation Between the Active Rest and High Intensity Portions Over the Course of High-intensity Interval Exercise.
时间窗: During a 20-minute high-intensity interval exercise session
This value was calculated by subtracting the average percentage of muscle tissue oxygenation during active rest portion of the exercise from the average percentage of muscle tissue oxygenation during the high-intensity portion of the exercise.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Christine Mermier PhD
Professor
University of New Mexico