A randomized comparative study to evaluate the effect of short axis versus long axis orientation on pain of cannulation during ultrasound guided peripheral venous tapping in S.M.S. Medical College,Jaipur

Peripheral venous cannulation is crucial in surgical, emergency, and critical care settings. Traditionally, intravenous catheters are placed by visualizing or palpating the vein, but up to one-third of patients encounter difficult intravenous access (DIVA), which includes those with generalized edema, obesity, multiple previous cannulations, or who are intravenous drug users.Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access has proven more successful than blind techniques, reducing time and punctures while improving patient satisfaction, especially in challenging cases . Real-time ultrasound needle guidance using the in-plane/long-axis technique enhances needle placement accuracy and allows for immediate complication checks and catheter tip verification. This method also decreases the need for central venous catheter placement, particularly in noncritically ill patients. It can lead to reduced reliance on central venous catheters solely for access purposes and fewer days with central lines in place. However, studies on the impact of ultrasound orientation (short versus long axis) for cannulating larger veins have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, we are conducting a randomized comparative study to evaluate the effect of short-axis versus long-axis orientation on pain during ultrasound-guided peripheral venous cannulation