Single Arm, Multicentre Study of Carfilzomib in Combination With Thalidomide and Dexamethasone (CaTD) in Patients With Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)
试验速览
- 阶段
- 2 期
- 入组人数
- 100
- 试验地点
- 3
- 主要终点
- Progression free survival (PFS)
研究概览
简要总结
All patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are destined to relapse even with the best available approved agents. Median OS from diagnosis in the current era is reported at 5.4 years. Given that myeloma remains an incurable disease, future improved OS is therefore reliant on the expansion of salvage options for patients with RRMM.
Carfilzomib (formerly PR-171) is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone-based irreversible inhibitor of the 20S proteasome. This second-generation proteasome inhibitor (PI) is structurally and mechanistically different to the dipeptide boronic acid PI, bortezomib. Compared to bortezomib, carfilzomib showed less off-target activity that may account for the reduced myelosuppression and reduced neuropathy that is observed compared to bortezomib. As monotherapy, carfilzomib has demonstrated robust and durable activity in heavily pre-treated patients with RRMM in phase I and II trials The idea of combining a PI and an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) such as thalidomide or lenalidomide is attractive in MM due to the efficacy previously demonstrated with combination bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone. Such efficacy obviates the need for chemotherapy that is known to induce genetic instability and in turn gives rise to secondary cancers. In combination with lenalidomide (25mg), Niesvizky and colleagues have demonstrated a maximum planned dose (MPD) of carfilzomib as 20/27 mg/m2 with promising safety and efficacy. Combination carfilzomib and thalidomide, as opposed to lenalidomide, is practically a more affordable regimen that will be more applicable to the Asia-Pacific region.
详细描述
All patients will continue treatment for 18 cycles (12 induction cycles, 6 maintenance cycles) unless development of adverse events that require early cessation of treatment. Patients will be followed up for progression and survival until 1 year following the completion of the last patient's final cycle of induction therapy.
Proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs have different but overlapping mechanisms of anti-MM activity. In the clinical setting, both proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs enhance the activity of dexamethasone, and synergy has previously been demonstrated between the first in class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib[16] and the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide[17]. Relative to bortezomib, carfilzomib demonstrated increased apoptosis in MM cell lines, and induce high ORR in both bortezomib-naïve and resistant patients.
We hypothesise that carfilzomib will induce a synergistic anti-myeloma activity when combined with the first in class immunomodulatory drug thalidomide, and dexamethasone. Thalidomide is a cheaper immunomodulatory drug that is more accessible in the Asia-Pacific region compared to lenalidomide. This makes the combination of carfilzomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone a more viable salvage option for patients in this region.
In the PX-171-006 study, combination carfilzomib lenalidomide and dexamethasone induced a CR/VGPR in 59% of patients. The maximum per protocol doses of carfilzomib (27g/m2) was used safely with full dose lenalidomide (25mg po daily days 1-21 every 28 days) and dexamethasone (40 mg po weekly), and the MTD of carfilzomib was not reached.
Carfilzomib 56mg/m2 was tolerable in phase II trials and induced durable responses in patients with relapsed and/or refractory myeloma. The most common grade 3/4 side effects of lymphopenia (43%), thrombocytopenia (32%), hypertension (25%), and pneumonia (18%) are not expected to overlap significantly with the expected side effects of thalidomide [15].
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 21 Years 至 99 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Male and female patients, ≥18 years of age
- •Relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma at study entry.
- •Patients must have evaluable multiple myeloma with at least one of the following (assessed within 21 days prior to registration):
- •Serum M-protein ≥ 5 g/L, or
- •Urine M-protein ≥ 200 mg/24 hour, or In patients without detectable serum or urine M-protein, serum free light chain (SFLC) > 100 mg/L (involved light chain) and an abnormal serum k/l ratio or For IgA patients whose disease can only be reliably measured by serum quantitative immunoglobulin (qIgA) ≥ 7500 mg/L (7.5 g/L).
- •Received one, but no more than three prior treatment regimens or lines of therapy for multiple myeloma. (Induction therapy followed by stem cell transplant and consolidation/maintenance therapy will be considered as one line of therapy).
- •Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0-
- •Adequate hepatic function within 28 days prior to registration with bilirubin < 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 3 times the ULN.
- •LVEF ≥ 40%.
- •Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1000/mm3 (or 1000 cells/L) within 21 days prior to registration. Screening ANC should be independent of growth factor support for ≥ 1 week.
- •Platelet count ≥ 50,000 cells/mm3 (≥ 30,000 cells/mm3 if myeloma involvement in the bone marrow is > 50%) within 21 days prior to registration. Patients should not have received platelet transfusions for at least 1 week prior to obtaining the screening platelet count.
- •Calculated or measured creatinine clearance (CrCl) of ≥ 15 mL/min within 21 days prior to registration. Calculation should be based on the Cockcroft and Gault formula (Appendix 3)
- •Written informed consent in accordance with federal, local, and institutional guidelines.
- •Female patients of child-bearing potential (FCBP) must have negative serum pregnancy test within 21 days prior to registration and agree to use an effective method of contraception during and for 3 months following last dose of drug.
- •Male patients must use an effective barrier method of contraception during study and for 3 months following the last dose if sexually active with a FCBP.
排除标准
- •Chemotherapy with approved or investigational anticancer therapeutics within 21 days prior to registration, with the exception of dexamethasone up to 160mg or equivalent every 4 weeks.
- •Previous treatment with carfilzomib.
- •Focal radiation therapy within 7 days prior to registration. Radiation therapy to an extended field involving a significant volume of bone marrow within 21 days prior to registration (i.e., prior radiation must have been to less than 30% of the bone marrow).
- •Active congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class III to IV), symptomatic ischemia, or conduction abnormalities uncontrolled by conventional intervention. Myocardial infarction within four months prior to registration.
- •Acute active infection requiring systemic antibiotics, antiviral (except antiviral therapy directed at hepatitis B) or antifungal agents within 14 days prior to registration.
- •Known HIV seropositive and/or untreated hepatitis B (patients with hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and core antibody [HBcAb] are eligible if receiving adequate antiviral therapy directed at hepatitis B).
- •Patients with known cirrhosis.
- •Active malignancy, that is expected to require treatment with chemotherapy within one year, or results in a life expectancy less than one year.
- •Female patients who are pregnant or lactating.
- •Known history of allergy to Captisol (a cyclodextrin derivative used to solubilize carfilzomib)
- •Patients with hypersensitivity to carfilzomib, velcade, boron, or mannitol.
- •Patients with pleural effusions requiring thoracentesis or ascites requiring paracentesis within 14 days prior to registration.
- •Significant neuropathy (Grades 3-4, or Grade 2 with pain) within 14 days prior to registration.
- •Any other clinically significant medical disease or psychiatric condition that, in the Investigator's opinion, may interfere with protocol adherence or a patient's ability to give informed consent.
研究组 & 干预措施
Carfilzomib, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone
干预措施: Carfilzomib, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
Progression free survival (PFS)
时间窗: 5 years or until disease progression
To assess the progression free survival (PFS) in patients with RRMM who have had 1 to 3 prior lines of therapies, treated with combination carfilzomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CaTD)
次要结局
- Overall survival (OS)(5 years)
- Overall Rate of Response (ORR)(anytime from commencement of treatment to the end of study baseline until disease progression, unmanageable adverse event or death, whichever occurs first, approximately up to 3 years)
- Number of Participants affected by Adverse Events(Baseline up to 4 Weeks after the last dose of study drug administration)
- Quality of life of participants on treatment(Approximately 3 years)
- Duration of response (DOR)(5 years)
- Time to progression (TTP)(5 years)