Comparing Traditional and Biofeedback Telepractice Treatment for Residual Speech Errors

Phase 1

Completed

Interventions: Behavioral: Visual-acoustic biofeedback
Behavioral: Motor-based treatment

Brief Summary: This study aims to evaluate the relative efficacy of biofeedback and traditional treatment for residual speech errors when both are delivered via telepractice. In a single-case randomization design, up to eight children with RSE will receive both visual-acoustic biofeedback and traditional treatment via telepractice. Acoustic measures of within-session change will be compared across sessions randomly assigned to each condition. It is hypothesized that participants will exhibit a clinically significant overall treatment response and that short-term measures of change will indicate that biofeedback is associated with larger increments of progress than traditional treatment.

Detailed Description: The COVID-19 crisis has forced speech-language pathologists to migrate from in-person delivery of speech treatment services to remote delivery via telepractice. This study will compare the efficacy of visual-acoustic biofeedback treatment versus non-biofeedback treatment in this setting. Specifically, participants will receive both visual-acoustic biofeedback treatment and non-biofeedback treatment via telepractice (Zoom call with screen-sharing) in a single-case randomization design. The hypothesis of interest is that sessions featuring visual-acoustic biofeedback will be associated with larger short-term gains than sessions featuring non-biofeedback treatment. To test this hypothesis, the study team will recruit up to 8 participants who will receive an initial treatment orientation followed by an equal dose of both types of treatment (10 sessions of visual-acoustic biofeedback and 10 sessions of non-biofeedback treatment). Participants will complete approximately two sessions per week via telepractice; each week will feature one session of each type, randomly ordered. They will also complete 4 pre-treatment baseline sessions and 3 post-treatment maintenance sessions to evaluate the overall magnitude of change over the course of treatment.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Must be between 9;0 and 15;11 years of age at the time of enrollment.
Must speak English as the dominant language (i.e., must have begun learning English by age 2, per parent report).
Must speak a rhotic dialect of English.
Must pass a brief examination of oral structure and function.
Must exhibit less than thirty percent accuracy, based on trained listener ratings, on a probe list eliciting /r/ in various phonetic contexts at the word level.

Exclusion Criteria

Must not receive a T score more than 1.3 standard deviations (SD) below the mean on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-2 (WASI-2) Matrix Reasoning.
Must not receive a scaled score below 6 on the CELF-5 Recalling Sentences or Formulated Sentences subtests.
Must not have history of sensorineural hearing loss or failed infant hearing screening.
Must not have an existing diagnosis of developmental disability, major neurobehavioral syndrome such as cerebral palsy, Down Syndrome, or Autism Spectrum Disorder, or major neural disorder (e.g., epilepsy, agenesis of the corpus callosum) or insult (e.g., traumatic brain injury, stroke, or tumor resection).
Must not show clinically significant signs of apraxia of speech or dysarthria.
Must not have major orthodontia that could interfere with tongue-palate contact.

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Visual-acoustic biofeedback	Visual-acoustic biofeedback	Visual- acoustic biofeedback treatment (behavioral) administered via telepractice
Motor-based treatment	Motor-based treatment	Motor-based articulation treatment administered via telepractice

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Within-session Change in Percentage of "Correct" Ratings by Blinded Naive Listeners for /r/ Sounds Produced in Word Probes	Change in word probe accuracy was measured in each treatment session, which were administered over ten weeks.	To assess /r/ production accuracy, participants read probe lists eliciting 25 utterances of /r/ in various phonetic contexts at the start and end of each treatment session. Recorded probe words are presented in randomized order for binary rating (correct/incorrect) by naive listeners who are blind to treatment condition and time point; the accuracy of each token is quantified as the percentage of "correct" ratings across 9 blinded listeners. We then compute the mean percent correct ratings for each probe; the change in this value from pre to post session ("within-session change") is our outcome measure of interest. Summary statistics report the mean and standard deviation of within-session change for each treatment condition, pooled across participants and sessions. This Outcome Measure is assessed using a two-tailed paired-samples t-test comparing mean change in percent correct for each treatment condition across subjects. Outcomes are evaluated relative to a superiority criterion.

Secondary Outcome Measures