Exploration of Lymph Node Metastasis and Tumor Deposit in the Posterior Gastric Mesentery Following D2 Lymphadenectomy Plus Complete Mesogastric Excision in Patients Who Received Distal Gastrectomy: A Prospective Observational Study

Since 1997, the AJCC has been using the number of lymph node metastases (pN staging) as a crucial indicator to assess the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. This system has been continuously updated, widely accepted by the global oncology community, and confirmed for its feasibility, applicability, convenience, and reproducibility. The number of metastatic lymph nodes in radical resection specimens of gastric cancer patients is the total count of lymph nodes with metastasis and is a key focus of postoperative pathological examination. D2 lymphadenectomy has become the standard operative procedure for advanced resectable gastric cancer and certain early-stage gastric cancers (diagnosed preoperatively with lymph node metastases). For advanced gastric cancer, there is growing evidence that the ideal surgical approach should involve D2 lymphadenectomy plus CME. In distal gastrectomy, the number of lymph nodes removed in D2 lymphadenectomy plus CME is significantly higher than in D2 dissection. Additionally, patients in the D2+CME group exhibit better long-term outcomes compared to the D2 group (DCGC01 study). Performing D2+CME surgery for distal gastric cancer involves the resection of the five major mesentery, including the posterior gastric mesentery, which may aid in thorough lymph node clearance and reduce cancer spillage. The posterior gastric mesentery comprises the No.11p and part of the No.11d lymph nodes. However, only the No.11p lymph nodes are resected in traditional D2 lymphadenectomy, resulting in incomplete lymph node clearance and postoperative tumor recurrence. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to examine lymph node metastasis in the posterior gastric mesentery following D2+CME in patients undergoing distal gastrectomy, aiming to offer evidence-based medical insights for standardizing surgical approaches in gastric cancer management.