Immediate Effect of Mobilization with Movement on Squat Self-reported Functional Ability, Pain Intensity, and Pain-free Range of Motion in People with Knee Osteoarthritis

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Knee Osteoarthritis (Knee OA)

• Registration Number: NCT06887868
• Lead Sponsor: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto

Brief Summary

Mobilization with movement (MWM) appears to reduce pain, improve knee range of motion, and enhance physical functioning in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, it remains unclear whether the severity grading of structural damage in KOA affects its effects. This study aims to analyze the immediate effect of MWM on squat self-reported functional ability, pain intensity, and pain-free range of motion in people with KOA, and to verify it its effect is influenced by the severity grading of structural damage.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2022-05-01
• Primary Completion: 2023-06-30
• Study Completion: 2023-07-31
• Status Verified: 2025-03
• Study First Submitted: 2025-03-11
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-03-15
• Study First Posted: 2025-03-20
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-03-20
• Last Update Posted: 2025-03-24

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

• male or female;
• aged over 45 years;
• clinically diagnosed with symptomatic unilateral KOA, classified as grade 1-3 according to the Kellgren and Lawrence system;
• fulfilled the classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology for KOA;
• reported frequent episodes of pain in the knee joint during sit-to-stand movements for at least 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria

• had KOA secondary to rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory and autoimmune conditions;
• reported lumbar pain radiating to the knee or lumbar pain as the primary complaint;
• had a history of knee or lower limb surgery;
• had a systemic or local infection;
• had received an intra-articular corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injection within the past 6 months;
• reported current or past (within 4 weeks) oral corticosteroid use;
• had any condition in the lower limbs that would prevent performing the deep squat test;
• had clinical conditions in which manual therapy is generally contraindicated (such as fracture, osteoporosis, instability, infectious arthritis, tumors, joint ankylosis, acute inflammatory disorders, or lack of a diagnosed joint lesion).

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Functional ability	Baseline	The Patient-Specific Functional Scale was used to assess self-reported functional ability. This scale is a self-reported, valid, and responsive outcome measure used to quantify activity limitations and evaluate functional outcomes for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. Participants rated their current level of ability to performing the deep squat test on an 11-point scale at a level experienced prior to injury or change in functional status, where "0" represents "unable to perform" and "10" represents "able to perform at prior level.
Knee Pain	Baseline	The Numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-reported, valid, and responsive outcome measure that was used in this study to quantify pain intensity. Participants rated their current pain intensity related to performing the deep squat test on a scale divided into eleven equal parts, numbered consecutively from 0 to 10, where "0" represents "No Pain" and "10" represents "Worst Possible Pain" (the most intense pain imaginable).
Pain free Range of Motion (ROM)	Baseline	This test has been advocated as a useful method for evaluating knee pain and function. Participants began the deep squat test by standing with their feet flat on the floor, approximately shoulder-width apart, aligned in the sagittal plane, and their hands placed on their pelvis (adapted from the original test description). They were then instructed to squat (buttocks towards the heels) as low as possible until the onset of pain, while maintaining an upright torso, avoiding asymmetric weight shift, and keeping their heels and toes in position. Before the test, participants viewed a demonstration video to optimize their understanding of the procedures. Additionally, they were given the opportunity to perform a practice trial of the deep squat test at a pain-free range of motion.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

E2S | P.PORTO - Escola Superior de Saúde do Politécnico do Porto; 🇵🇹 Porto, Portugal