Evaluation of Tumor Budding In Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
- Conditions
- Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
- Registration Number
- NCT07003776
- Lead Sponsor
- Sohag University
- Brief Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent cancers globally, with approximately one to two million new cases diagnosed each year. This makes CRC the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with 700,000 deaths per year, exceeded only by lung, liver and stomach cancers. CRC accounts for about 10% of all cancer diagnoses worldwide (Sung et al., 2021; Masetti et al., 2022) .
CRC affects different races and ethnicities at various age groups in distinct ways. Among patients younger than 50 years old, the proportion of CRC is nearly double for Black individuals (16%) compared to White individuals (9%) and Hispanic individuals (6%). In Egypt, CRC ranked the seventh among cancers, following lung, breast, prostate, liver, and bladder cancers (Mounir et al., 2022).
Tumor budding (TB) is characterized by the presence of individual tumor cells or small clusters of up to four cells at the invasive margin of a tumor. This histological feature, which indicates the separation of malignant cells from the main tumor mass, has intrigued pathologists since it was first identified in the 1950s (Giordano et al., 2024).
Evaluating TB is crucial for improving prognostic accuracy and informing treatment decisions. Tumors with high-grade TB exhibit a significantly lower 5-year Disease-Free Survival (DFS) rate compared to those with low-grade TB. High-grade TB is regarded as a negative prognostic factor and is associated with an increased risk of recurrence (Kyong Shin et al., 2023).
TB can be observed in conventional slides when prominent, but careful observation is necessary. A more thorough assessment of TB is more easily achieved if the neoplastic epithelium is highlighted using pan-cytokeratin immunostains (Mishra et al., 2022).
Pan-keratin (Pan-CK) antibodies are proteins derived from cytoskeletal intermediate filaments. These antibodies are a mixture designed to detect multiple low and high molecular weight keratins. Their primary purpose is to allow for the immunohistochemical identification of all epithelial cell types, regardless of their tissue of origin, using a single diagnostic tool.
In surgical pathology, Pan-CK antibodies are commonly used to confirm the epithelial origin of both neoplastic (tumorous) and non-neoplastic tissues, as well as to identify small metastases in lymph nodes. However, there are limitations to the assumption that Pan-CK antibodies will stain all epithelial tumors and that non-epithelial tissues will be "keratin negative." It has been reported that a diverse range of epithelial tumors can be Pan-CK negative, challenging the notion that these antibodies are universally applicable (Wick et al., 1986; Badzio, 2019).
Pan-CK can help diagnose disease like breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer. It is often used in conjunction with other antibodies for these specific cancers (Chu and Weiss, 2002).
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- NOT_YET_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 50
- Specimens from patients with Colorectal Carcinoma. Tissue blocks with sufficient material. Specimens with sufficient clinical data.
- Tissue blocks with insufficient, destroyed or necrotic material. Specimens with insufficient clinical data.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Evaluation of Tumor Budding in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma 6 months Histological assessment and immunohistochemical highlighting of tumor Budding by Pan-CK.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Correlation of Tumor Budding with clinicopathological parameters 6 months Correlation between different grades of Tumor Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma cells and some clinical and pathological parameters as age, sex, tumor phenotype and nodal status.