Effect of Kinesio Taping Versus Tele-Pilates Intervention on Pre-menstrual Syndrome

The TP program included warm-up, main session, and cool-down phases. The session started with warm-up exercises in the form of breathing, spinal twist, cat stretch, arm circles, and abdominal stretching. Each exercise was performed for five repetitions, with each repetition held for 10-15 seconds and followed by a 5-second rest period. The warm-up phase lasted a total of 10 minutes.

Tele-Pilates was supervised by a Pilates professional trainer. Participants engaged in mat-based Pilates exercises. These exercises included roll-up, bug leg, crock leg lying, prone single leg kick, bug roll, knee/lumbar roll, and prone attitude rotation. There was a 20-second rest in between the exercises. Each exercise was 3¬-5 reps, 10-¬15 sec hold, 5 secs rest. . The Pilates exercise protocol lasted for 8 weeks, with two sessions per week (totaling 16 sessions), each lasting 30 minutes. The session ended with 10-minute cool-down that involved relaxation exercises and stretching.

Kinesio taping application for the KT group The participant sat upright in a chair, and a piece of kinesiology tape (5 × 5 cm, 3NS, Korea) was used to measure the distance from just above the anus to the upper border of the pelvis. This measured length was then divided by eight, and the tape was cut accordingly. One end of the tape was anchored on the ulnar bone just above the inguinal region. With 25% stretch, the tape was applied diagonally upward and outward, following the contour of the iliac crest over the ilium. The second end was secured to overlap the base of the initial tape. A second strip was applied in a similar manner in the opposite direction over the ilium. KT was applied for over eight weeks, with the tape changed every three days