Effects of Pranayama Breathing Technique on Stress Level, Sleep Quality, and Quality of Life Among Older Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 74
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Sociodemographic and Aging-Related Characteristics Data Form
研究概览
简要总结
Aging is associated with progressive tissue deterioration resulting from a continuous decline in the ability to renew homeostatic cell regeneration and replace cells lost during tissue damage. Biological aging arises from the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time. This condition leads to a gradual decline in physical and cognitive capacity, causing an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. These non-linear and inconsistent changes are linked more to lifestyle than to chronological age. Rather than biological changes, the fact that aging is often associated with other life transitions such as retirement, the death of friends and partners, and a decline in living standards indicates that the diversity observed in old age is not random.
In the aging process where individuals face various physical, mental, and social changes; problems such as stress, sleep issues, and reduced quality of life are among the commonly encountered situations that negatively affect the life satisfaction and quality of life of elderly individuals. Alongside modern medicine, the use of traditional and complementary practices has been reported to have positive effects on the health of elderly individuals.
This study was planned as a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of the pranayama breathing technique applied to elderly individuals on stress levels, sleep, and quality of life.
详细描述
With age, problems such as chronic stress and sleep disorders increase, and quality of life decreases. High stress levels negatively affect the overall quality of life of elderly individuals. Factors such as chronic illnesses, economic difficulties, loneliness, and dependency can increase stress levels in the elderly. This situation leads to physical and psychological health problems, thereby reducing quality of life. On the other hand, stress management is more successful in individuals with a good quality of life. Social support networks, a good standard of living, and a healthy environment can mitigate the effects of stress.
Stress directly affects sleep quality. Specifically, an increase in stress hormones can cause difficulties in falling asleep and maintaining sleep. This can lead to common sleep disorders such as insomnia in elderly individuals. Poor-quality sleep reduces stress tolerance. Insufficient and irregular sleep can weaken individuals' coping skills with stress and intensify the stress cycle. Good sleep quality supports physical recovery, strengthens mental functions, and enhances overall quality of life. Sleep disorders, on the other hand, lead to physical discomfort and psychological problems, negatively affecting quality of life.
Pranayama, a breath exercise technique of Indian origin that aims to balance the mind and body, is translated as 'breath science, breath control, voluntary respiration'. In Sanskrit, it consists of the words 'prana' meaning 'life force, vital energy, vitality' and 'yama' meaning 'to control'. According to yoga, an ancient way of life in Indian science, when an individual learns to control the life force, they can also gain control over the body, mind, and emotions. There are studies reporting that pranayama breathing exercises applied to elderly individuals have positive effects on stress levels, sleep, and quality of life.
Dependent Variables: Scores obtained from the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), WHO Quality of Life Module for Older Adults (WHOQOL-OLD), and WHO-8 Quality of Life (WHO-8 EUROHIS) scales.
Independent Variables: Participants' descriptive characteristics such as age, gender, height, weight, marital status, educational status, social security status, socioeconomic status, presence of chronic disease, use of assistive devices, frequency of meeting with family and friends, and length of stay in the nursing home.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
盲法说明
In elderly individuals, the control group received no intervention, while the Pranayama group underwent breathing techniques. Data were collected by the researcher from both groups at weeks 0, 4, and 8 using relevant scales.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 60 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Being 60 years of age or older
- •Individuals who are physically and mentally suitable to practice Pranayama breathing technique
- •Individuals without a malignant disease of the respiratory system (such as bronchial and lung cancer)
- •Individuals without a pathological condition affecting their level of consciousness and concentration
- •Those who voluntarily agree to participate in the research
- •Individuals who do not have communication problems and who cooperate in the practices required by the study
排除标准
- •Individuals with advanced cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled hypertension
- •Individuals who are physically and cognitively unsuitable for practicing Pranayama breathing techniques
- •Individuals with malignant respiratory system diseases (such as bronchial and lung cancer)
- •Individuals with pathological conditions affecting consciousness and concentration (dementia, Alzheimer's, or other serious cognitive impairments)
- •Individuals who did not regularly participate in Pranayama breathing techniques during the study period
- •Individuals who developed a serious health problem during the research period
研究组 & 干预措施
Elderly individuals who do not receive intervention
Control group
The Effects of Pranayama Breathing Technique Applied to the Elderly
The pranayama group received Ujjayi, Nadi Shodhana, and Sama Vritti pranayama techniques, administered face-to-face by the researcher in groups of 6-7 participants for 15-20 minutes before lunch over 8 weeks.
干预措施: Pranayama group (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Sociodemographic and Aging-Related Characteristics Data Form
时间窗: 0. Week
This form, collected from all participants during the initial interview, includes questions about age, gender, height, weight, marital status, education level, social security status, socioeconomic status, presence of chronic diseases, use of assistive devices, contact with family and friends, and length of stay in a nursing home. It was developed by the researchers through a literature review.
次要结局
- Perceived Stress Scale-PSS(0., 4. and 8. weeks)
- Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)(0.,4. and 8. weeks)
- World Health Organization Quality of Life Module for Older People (WHOQOL-OLD)(0., 4. and 8. weeks)
- World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHO-8 EUROHIS)(0., 4. and 8. weeks)
研究者
Hatice Sevil ARSLAN
Lecturer, PhD
Namik Kemal University