Observational Study of Functional Changes and Fall Risk in Older Adults Participating in a Multicomponent Frailty and Falls Prevention Program in Primary Care

Frailty is a clinical condition associated with increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, including falls, disability, and mortality. In the Galician public health system, a structured frailty and falls prevention program is implemented within primary care physiotherapy services.

This study is designed as a prospective, longitudinal observational study with pre-post evaluation under real-world clinical conditions, without modifying clinical decision-making or healthcare organization.

Participants aged 70 years and older enrolled in the routine program undergo baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T1) assessments after 8 weeks. The intervention consists of a multicomponent exercise program including strength, balance, and functional training.

The primary objective is to describe changes in physical function and fall risk. Secondary objectives include the characterization of participants, analysis of adherence, recording of adverse events, and evaluation of the feasibility and utility of pressure-platform-based balance assessment.

Additional functional variables (muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and clinical balance tests) are included as part of the standardized functional assessment protocol implemented in routine care.