The Effect of Virtual Reality During Non-Invasive Urodynamics on Patients' Vital Signs, Anxiety, and Satisfaction Levels

Study Topic

This research aims to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) application during noninvasive urodynamics on patients' vital signs, anxiety, and satisfaction levels.

Significance of the Problem

Urodynamic studies are essential diagnostic methods for assessing lower urinary tract functions.

However, they often cause discomfort, pain, and high levels of anxiety in patients.

This not only negatively affects the patient experience but also creates uncertainty in clinical decision-making.

Previous studies have shown that nursing interventions such as music therapy, aromatherapy, and heating pads effectively reduce anxiety.

Recently, VR technology has emerged as a promising tool to distract patients, thereby reducing pain and anxiety.

Aim of the Study

To investigate the effects of VR application during noninvasive urodynamics on:

Vital signs,

Anxiety,

Comfort, and

Patient satisfaction.

Methodology

Design: Single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting/Duration: Urology Outpatient Clinic, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, September - December 2025.

Sample: Based on power analysis, at least 26 patients per group; total minimum of 52 participants.

Inclusion criteria: 18-50 years old, undergoing noninvasive urodynamics for the first time, voluntary participation.

Exclusion criteria: Previous urodynamics, use of anxiolytics/antidepressants, communication/vision/balance impairments.

Randomization: Block randomization (block size 6).

Data Collection Tools

Descriptive Characteristics Form

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Vital Signs and Urodynamic Parameters Monitoring Form

Patient Satisfaction and Comfort Assessment (Visual Analog Scale - VAS)

VR Application Satisfaction Form

Interventions

VR Group: During uroflowmetry, patients will experience a 360° virtual hygienic and spacious bathroom environment via VR goggles.

Control Group: Routine clinical practice only, with standard pre-procedure information.

Data Analysis

Data will be analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

Normality will be tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov.

Between-group differences will be assessed using Independent Samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate.

Statistical significance will be set at p < 0.05.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical approval and hospital permission were obtained.

Informed consent will be collected from all participants prior to data collection.