Oral Malodour and Periodontal Disease-related Parameters. Clinical and Real-time PCR Findings
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 78
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Halitosis presence
研究概览
简要总结
The primary aim of the current study was to determine the association between halitosis detection (presence or absence) and periodontal status in non-smoking subjects, and also assess whether halitosis recordings were related to periodontal clinical parameters, tongue coating and quantities of two putative periodontal pathogens on the posterior region of the tongue determined by real-time PCR. Secondary, halitosis recordings were compared among subjects with chronic periodontitis, chronic generalized gingivitis and periodontal health.
详细描述
A debate in the literature exists as to whether periodontitis is linked with oral malodour and this study attempts to understand the way in which periodontal disease is associated with oral malodour-related parameters.
Clinical protocol:
Seventy-eight systemically healthy non-smokers were screened for oral halitosis in the Department of Periodontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. These were non-halitosis complaining subjects. After initial screening for suitability and obtaining a signed informed consent approved by the Ethics Committee of the Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, a full-mouth periodontal charting was recorded including plaque index (PI), clinical probing depth (CPD), clinical attachment levels (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) at six sites per tooth using a manual periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy XP-23/QW). The subjects that fulfilled the clinical inclusion criteria were classified as chronic periodontitis (N=28), chronic generalised gingivitis (N=23) or healthy individuals (27) and were further clinically and microbiologically monitored.
Assessment of tongue coating:
The Winkel Tongue Coating Index (Winkel et al., 2003) was visually determined by dividing the dorsum of the tongue into sextants. A score between zero and two was given to each sextant according to the amount of deposits and these scores were added giving a total ranging from zero to 12.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •The clinical inclusion criteria were as follows:
- •(I) Chronic periodontitis patients had at least one site per quadrant with clinical probing depth (CPD) > 5mm and radiographic evidence of bone loss; (II) Generalised chronic gingivitis patients presented with bleeding on probing (BOP) at > 30% of sites, CPDs < 4mm and no evidence of bone loss; (III) Healthy subjects had < 10% sites with BOP and no sites with CPD > 3mm.
排除标准
- •Less than 20 teeth, smoking (during the previous year), presence of any systemic disease (e.g. diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal disorders, etc.) including ENT complications, prescribed medication that can cause xerostomia based on the Greek National Formulary of drugs, full and/or partial dentures, heavily restored dentition, large carious cavities that can trap food remnants, pathology of the oral tissues (pericoronitis, dental / periodontal abscess, etc), antibiotic therapy within three months of recruitment, periodontal treatment within the last year, pregnancy or lactation.
结局指标
主要结局
Halitosis presence
时间窗: At a single time point
Subjects were designated as halitosis positive (+) when either the organoleptic score of the whole mouth air was two or more, and/or the readings of the Halimeter® exceeded 140 p.p.b.
次要结局
- Tongue coating(At a single time point)
- Putative periodontal pathogens(At a single time point)
- Periodontal clinical indices(At a single time point)