Impact of Emotion in Virtual Reality on Behavior of Children and Young Adults

Not Applicable

Terminated

• Conditions: Healthy Volunteers
• Interventions: Behavioral: manipulation of the nature of stimulus; Behavioral: manipulation of the presence and size of avatar; Behavioral: manipulation of interaction; Behavioral: manipulation of the level of realism

• Registration Number: NCT03577288
• Lead Sponsor: Hospices Civils de Lyon

Brief Summary

Recently, researchers in the field of cognitive psychology have shown a great interest in Virtual Reality (VR). Indeed, this technology is the most advanced to create immersion and sense of presence in a virtual environment (VE) and gives the opportunity to study cognitive mechanisms in more ecological way. However, little is known about the impact of VR on the cognition and emotional states of the VR users. According to the scientific literature, the sense of presence (the fact that the user experiences the sense of being in the VE) is strongly related to the emotional experience, but it is not clear what mechanisms underline this relation. Thus, more research is necessary to its better understanding. Moreover, a few studies have shown age related differences in sense of presence, with children having greater inclination for sense of presence than adults. This might be explained by the fact that frontal cortex (which is responsible for a control of the sense of presence) is still developing in childhood (the maturation last for the beginning of adulthood).

The goal of the present study is to examine which factors might be responsible of the interaction between the sense of presence, the immersion and the emotional experience in Virtual Reality, and the age-related difference. Thus, the investigator study 2 types of healthy participants (volunteers) in order to examine the age-related difference in this interaction: young adults between 18 and 25 years old and children between 8 to 14 years old. To study different factors potentially involved in the interaction four experiments will be conducted. In each experiment the investigator manipulate one type of factor to study its impact on emotions and the sense of presence in a VE: (1) the image quality, (2) the fact that participant had an avatar (body) in the VE, (3) the possibility to interact or not in VE and (4) the nature of elements with which it is possible to interact (objects or living being). In the end of this study the investigator hope to contribute to the knowledge of adapted use of VR for different type of users, such as children and young adults.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2018-06-22
• Study First Submitted QC: 2018-07-03
• Study First Posted: 2018-07-05
• Study Start: 2019-01-25
• Primary Completion: 2020-03-03
• Study Completion: 2020-03-03
• Status Verified: 2021-10
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-10-25
• Last Update Posted: 2021-11-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: TERMINATED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 240

Inclusion Criteria

Children:

• Age comprised between 8 and 14
• Native French speaker
• Two parents gave their informed consent for a participation of their child in the study

Young adults :

• Students
• Age comprised between 18 and 25
• Native French speaker
• Participant gave his/her informed consent for a participation in the study
• Participant has health insurance

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Exclusion Criteria

Children:

• Neurodevelopmental deficits, diagnosis of intellectual deficiency (Scores below 70 for Vineland II scale et Total IQ Total below 70 for WPPSI-IV (Wechsler, 2014) or WISC-V (Wechsler, 2016)) new by parents or legal representative
• Learning disorder (difficulties in learning and using scholar skills since at least 6 months new by teacher, parents or legal representative)
• History of psychiatric disorder new by parents or legal representative
• Neurological disorders new by parents or legal representative
• Drugs intake having impact on motor, cognitive or memory capacities (e.g., corticoids) new by parents or legal representative
• Visual or hearing disorders without correction
• Epilepsy
• Child, parents or legal representative no agreement to participate to the study

Young Adults :

• Neurological disorders new by participants
• Drugs intake having impact on motor, cognitive or memory capacities (e.g., corticoids)
• History of psychiatric disorder new by participant
• Use of drugs of alcohol
• Visual or hearing disorders without correction
• Epilepsy
• No agreement to participate to the study

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: FACTORIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Experiment 4 - Animate/Inanimate nature of interactive objects	manipulation of the nature of stimulus	Participants (30 children and 30 young adults) will be exposed to the virtual experience during which they will be able to interact in one condition with animated (e.g., dog, bird) stimuli and in another condition with inanimate (e.g., book, jacket) stimuli. The animate and inanimate stimuli of interest will be of three emotional categories : negative, positive and neutral.
Experiment 2 - Presence and size of avatar	manipulation of the presence and size of avatar	Participants (50 children and 100 young adults) will be exposed to virtual experiences in which in one condition they will be part of the virtual environment in a body of an avatar and in another condition the avatar will not be present. Children will be exposed to only one of the two possible situations: with an avatar or without an avatar for the entire experience. Adults will be exposed to only one of the four possible situations: with standard size avatar, with giant avatar, with tiny avatar, or without avatar.
Experiment 3 - Interaction in virtual experience	manipulation of interaction	Participants (50 children and 50 young adults) will be submitted to two conditions of virtual experience, one condition in which it is possible to interact with the stimuli presented in the virtual environment and another condition in which it is not possible to interact. In addition, the stimuli of interest will be of one of three emotional categories : negative, positive and neutral. Thus participants will be exposed to six short virtual experiences.
Experiment 1 A, B - Level of realism of EVR	manipulation of the level of realism	Participants (50 children and 50 young adults for part A, and 50 other children and 50 other young adults) will be exposed to virtual experience having different level of realism. In one condition the realism will be high (very close to the real word) and in the second condition the realism will be low (comparable to cartoon). The stimuli of interest included in virtual experience will be of three emotional categories : negative, positive and neutral.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
evaluation of feeling of immersion by a Likert scale	Day 0	Evaluation of feeling of immersion
responses evoked by the stimuli of interest	Day 0	During Experience in Virtual Reality (EVR) we will measure responses evoked by the stimuli of interest: with oculometer time fixation and pupillary dilatation, and with oximeter heart rate
Measure of evoked potential	Day 0	During EVR only in Experiment 1B we will measure, using EEG, evoked potential, particularly Late Positive Potential (LPP)
measure of valence and arousal with Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale	Day 0	Evaluation of emotion
response to the presence questionnaire (PQ, Witmer & Singer, 1998	Day 0	Evaluation of feeling of presence questionnaire PQ, Witmer \& Singer, 1998
Measure of head movements evoked by the stimuli of interest	Day 0	During EVR except Experiment 1B we will measure, using the device integrated in VR equipment, head movements evoked by the stimuli of interest

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

EA3082 Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs Institut de Psychologie Université Lyon 2; 🇫🇷 Bron, France