The Effect of the Phytochemical Content and Total Antioxidant Capacity of the Diet on Serum FGF21 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes

Individuals were divided into two groups: type 2 diabetes and control. Individuals with type 2 diabetes were followed for 12 weeks with an appropriate diet specific to their condition, and necessary measurements were taken at the beginning, 4th week, and 12th week. No dietary intervention was made for the control group, and necessary measurements were taken at the beginning and 12th week. At the control points, biochemical parameters, serum samples, anthropometric measurements (body composition, weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference), 24-hour dietary intake record, and 24-hour physical activity record were evaluated. In the experimental group, dietary intake was recorded at the beginning (week 0), 4th week, and 12th week. The dietary intake of the control group was examined at week 0 and week 12.

The "Phytochemical Index" method was used to calculate the total phytochemical intake from the diet. The total antioxidant capacity of the diet was calculated using data obtained from dietary intake records based on Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Total Reactive Antioxidant Potential (TRAP) methods. Additionally, physical activity was determined using a recording method. Body compositions at all three control points will be determined using the bioelectrical impedance method, and waist and hip circumference measurements were taken using a non-stretchable tape measure. Routine biochemical parameters for the type 2 diabetic group (fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, HbA1c) were obtained from the records. Serum samples collected after a 10-12 hour fasting period at the beginning and 12th week were analyzed for Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) using suitable kits.