Effects of TENS on Pain Threshold and Brain Activities in Healthy Adults
- Conditions
- Pressure Pain ThresholdTranscutaneous Electrical Nerve StimulationElectroencephalography
- Interventions
- Device: Sham TENSDevice: Acupuncture like TENSDevice: Conventional TENS
- Registration Number
- NCT05587140
- Lead Sponsor
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- Brief Summary
The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of conventional versus acupuncture-like TENS on pain threshold, brain activities, and their relationships.
- Detailed Description
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a pain modulation tool which is commonly used clinically. TENS has 2 major modes: "conventional TENS'' and "acupuncture like TENS". Conventional TENS induces a local pain modulation, whereas acupuncture like TENS induces central pain modulation mechanism. The pain threshold at treatment area and outside of area is regarded as local pain modulation and central pain modulation respectively. However, the effect of acupuncture like TENS on pain threshold was remained unclear. TENS also induces cortical activities changed in the central nervous system. Recent Electroencephalography (EEG) studies suggested that TENS induces event-related potential and power spectrum changes, however, the time and frequency bands of EEG changes and its relationship with pain threshold were still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the effects of conventional versus acupuncture-like TENS on pain threshold, brain activities, and their relationships.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- UNKNOWN
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 40
- 20~65 y adults
- No cognitive function problem
- Without taking any type of pain medication or substances that could affect the cognitive functions
- Peripheral or central nervous system disease
- Sensory lose
- TENS application is contraindication
- Cardiac pacemaker
- Any type of pain
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Sham TENS Sham TENS The study would use sham TENS for 30 minutes Acupuncture like TENS Acupuncture like TENS The study would use acupuncture like TENS for 30 minutes Conventional TENS Conventional TENS The study would use conventional TENS for 30 minutes
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method EEG power spectrum change in delta band after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Evaluate brain activity after the intervention
Pressure pain tolerance after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Use a pressure algometer to press on the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the pressure would stop until the feeling reach the pain intensity at 5/10.
EEG power spectrum change in beta band after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Evaluate brain activity after the intervention
EEG power spectrum change in total gamma band after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Evaluate brain activity after the intervention
EEG power spectrum change in alpha band after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Evaluate brain activity after the intervention
EEG power spectrum change in low-gamma band after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Evaluate brain activity after the intervention
EEG power spectrum change in high-gamma band after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Evaluate brain activity after the intervention
Pressure pain threshold after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Use a pressure algometer to press on the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the pressure would stop until the feeling changes from non-painful feeling to painful feeling.
EEG power spectrum change in theta band after the intervention The change between baseline and the time after 30 minutes intervention Evaluate brain activity after the intervention
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method EEG power spectrum change in theta band after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Evaluate brain activity after the 30 minutes break
EEG power spectrum change in alpha band after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Evaluate brain activity after the 30 minutes break
Pressure pain threshold after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Use a pressure algometer to press on the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the pressure would stop until the feeling changes from non-painful feeling to painful feeling.
EEG power spectrum change in delta band after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Evaluate brain activity after the 30 minutes break
EEG power spectrum change in beta band after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Evaluate brain activity after the 30 minutes break
Pressure pain tolerance after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Use a pressure algometer to press on the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the pressure would stop until the feeling reach the pain intensity at 5/10.
EEG power spectrum change in high-gamma band after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Evaluate brain activity after the 30 minutes break
EEG power spectrum change in low-gamma band after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Evaluate brain activity after the 30 minutes break
EEG power spectrum change in total gamma band after the 30 minutes break The change between 30 minutes intervention and 30 minutes break after the intervention Evaluate brain activity after the 30 minutes break
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
National Yang-Ming University
🇨🇳Taipei, Taiwan