Effects of Winter Swimming on Blood Morphological, Rheological, and Biochemical Indicators and Oxidative Stress in Males
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Active, not recruiting
- Sponsor
- University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
- Enrollment
- 30
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- blood sampling: haemoglobin mass
Overview
Brief Summary
Exposure of the human body to cold water triggers numerous beneficial physiological changes. The study aimed to assess the impact of regular winter swimming on blood morphological, rheological, and biochemical indicators and activity of antioxidant enzymes in males. The study includes winter swimmers and a control group. Blood samples were taken twice - before the start (November) of the winter swimming season and after its end (March). The average duration of ice water baths was 3-5 minutes, with a minimum frequency of once a week. The water temperature during the swimming did not exceed 10°C, approaching 0°C during the winter period.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Observational
- Observational Model
- Cohort
- Time Perspective
- Prospective
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 25 Years to 60 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- Male
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Good health, practitioners of winter swimming
- •control group: never did winter swimming and had a sedentary lifestyle.
Exclusion Criteria
- •medical contraindications to winter bathing
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
blood sampling: haemoglobin mass
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of: mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) \[pg\],
blood sampling: Erythrocytes
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) \[fl\], red blood cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) \[fl\],
blood sampling: haemoglobin
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of: Haemoglobin \[g/dl\], mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) \[g/dl\],
blood sampling: erythrocytes
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Measurement of: Erythrocytes \[mln/μl\],
blood sampling: haematocrit
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of: haematocrit \[%\], red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) \[%\],
blood sampling: rheology part 1
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of red cell elongation index (EI) \[arbitrary unit: AU\], erythrocyte aggregation amplitude (AMP) \[AU\],
blood sampling: rheology part 2
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of: aggregation index (AI) \[%\],
blood sampling:rheology part 3
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of: half-time of total aggregation (t1/2) \[s\].
blood sampling: platelets and leukocytes
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Measurements of: Platelets \[thousands/μl\], Leukocytes \[thousands/μl\], Neutrophils \[thousands/μl\], Eosinophils \[thousands/μl\], Basophils \[thousands/μl\], Lymphocytes \[thousands/μl\], Monocytes \[thousands/μl\].
blood sampling: oxidative stress - superoxide dismutase
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) \[U/ml\],
blood sampling: Testosterone
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of Testosterone concentration \[ng/dl\],
blood sampling: Cortisol
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of Cortisol concentration \[µg/dl\],
blood biochemistry: Creatine
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Determination of Creatinine concentration \[µmol/l\],
blood sampling: oxidative stress
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Measurement of catalase (CAT) \[nmol/min/ml\], and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) \[nmol/min/ml\].
blood biochemistry: Urea
Time Frame: twice: before the start of cold swimming in November and 5 months later (March), after the end of winter swimming
Measurement of: Urea \[mmol/l\].
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported
Investigators
Aneta Teleglow
Head of Blood Physiology Laboratory
University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland