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Higher Per Daily Treatment-Dose Radiation Therapy or Standard Per Daily Treatment Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer That Was Removed by Surgery

Phase 3
Active, not recruiting
Conditions
Breast Cancer
Registration Number
NCT01349322
Lead Sponsor
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
Brief Summary

RATIONALE: It is not yet know whether higher per daily radiation therapy is equally as effective as standard per daily radiation therapy in treating breast cancer.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial studies how well an accelerated course of higher per daily radiation therapy with concomitant boost works compared to standard per daily radiation therapy with a sequential boost in treating patients with early-stage breast cancer that was removed by surgery.

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* To determine whether an accelerated course of hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (WBI) including a concomitant boost to the tumor bed in 15 fractions following lumpectomy will prove to be non-inferior in local control to a regimen of standard WBI with a sequential boost following lumpectomy for early-stage breast cancer patients.

Secondary

* To determine whether breast-related symptoms and cosmesis from accelerated WBI that is hypofractionated (in only 3 weeks) with a concomitant boost is non-inferior to standard WBI with sequential boost.

* To determine whether the risk of late cardiac toxicity in patients with left-sided breast cancer treated with hypofractionation will be non-inferior to conventional fractionated radiation therapy (RT) based upon analysis of radiation dosimetry from CT-based treatment planning and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) calculations.

* To determine whether CT-based conformal methods intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for WBI are feasible in a multi-institutional setting following lumpectomy in early-stage breast cancer patients and whether dose-volume analyses can be established to assess treatment adequacy and likelihood of toxicity.

* To determine that cosmetic results and breast-related symptoms 3 years after hypofractionated breast radiation with concomitant boost will not be inferior to that obtained 3 years after WBI with sequential boost.

* To determine whether future correlative studies can identify individual gene expressions and biological host factors associated with toxicity and/or local recurrence from standard and hypofractionated WBI.

* If shown to be non-inferior, to then determine if accelerated course of hypofractionated WBI including a concomitant boost to the tumor bed in 15 fractions following lumpectomy will prove to be superior in local control to a regimen of standard WBI with a sequential boost following lumpectomy for early-stage breast cancer patients.

* To determine whether treatment costs for hypofractionated WBI with concomitant boost are not higher than WBI with sequential boost.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to age (\< 50 vs. ≥ 50 years), prior chemotherapy (yes vs. no), estrogen-receptor status (+ vs. -), and histology grade (1-2 vs. 3). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Treatment begins within 9 weeks of last surgery or chemotherapy delivery.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed at 1 month, at 6 months, and then yearly.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Sex
Female
Target Recruitment
2354
Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Percentage of Participants With In-breast Recurrence (Local Failure)From randomization to last follow-up. Evaluated weekly during radiation therapy (RT), last day of RT, 1, 6, and 12 months after RT completion, then annually. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.1 years. Five-year rates are reported here.

In-breast recurrence (IBR) is defined as any of the following: invasive local recurrence-ipsilateral breast (within treatment field); invasive local recurrence-ipsilateral breast (outside treatment field); non-invasive local recurrence-ipsilateral breast (within treatment field); or non-invasive local recurrence-ipsilateral breast (outside treatment field). Time to IBR is defined as time from randomization to the date of first IBR, last known follow-up (censored), or death without IBR (competing risk). IBR rates are estimated using the cumulative incidence method, while treatment effect comparisons are based on cause-specific hazards. The protocol specifies that the distributions of failure times be compared between the arms, which is reported in the statistical analysis results. 5-year rates are provided.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Percentage of Participants Alive Without DiseaseFrom randomization to last follow-up. Evaluated weekly during radiation therapy (RT), last day of RT, 1, 6, and 12 months after RT completion, then annually. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.1 years. Five-year rates are provided here.

Disease-free survival (DFS) time is defined as time from randomization to local-regional disease recurrence, distant metastases, second/new primary, death due to any cause or last known follow-up (censored). DFS rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and distributions between the two arms are compared using the log-rank test. Five-year rates are provided here.

Percentage of Participants With a Physician-reported Cosmetic Score of Excellent or Good at 3 Years3 years

Physicians rated cosmesis using a four point scale:

* Excellent: When compared to the untreated breast or the original appearance of the breast, there is minimal/no difference in the size or shape of the treated breast.

* Good: There is a slight difference in the size or shape of the treated breast as compared to the opposite breast or the original appearance of the treated breast.

* Fair: Obvious differences in the size and shape of the treated breast. This change involves quarter or less of the breast.

* Poor: Marked change in the appearance of the treated breast involving more than a quarter of the breast tissue.

Translational Research of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFB1) and Ataxia-Telangiesctasia Mutated (ATM) GenesFrom randomization to last follow-up.
Percentage of Participants Alive Without Distant DiseaseFrom randomization to last follow-up. Evaluated weekly during radiation therapy (RT), last day of RT, 1, 6, and 12 months after RT completion, then annually. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.1 years. Five-year rates are provided here.

Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) time is defined as time from randomization to distant metastases, second/new primary, death due to any cause or last known follow-up (censored). DDFS rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and distributions between the two arms are compared using the log-rank test. Five-year rates are provided here.

Number of Participants by Highest Grade Adverse Event Reported as Definitely, Probably, or Possibly Related to Protocol TreatmentFrom randomization to last follow-up. Evaluated weekly during radiation therapy (RT), last day of RT, 1, 6, and 12 months after RT completion, then annually. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.1 years.

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) grades adverse event severity from 1=mild to 5=death. Summary data is provided in this outcome measure; see Adverse Events Module for specific adverse event data

Change in Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS) Cosmesis Subscale Score From Baseline to 3 YearsBaseline and 3 years

The BCTOS cosmesis subscale score measures perceived aesthetic (e.g., breast shape) status . Patients rated each item using a four-point scale evaluating the differences between the treated and the untreated breast (1=no difference, 2=slight difference, 3=moderate difference, 4=large difference) with higher scores indicating a worse outcome. The score for each subscale is the mean of the ratings over all items belonging to that specific subscale. Change was calculated as the value at 3 years minus the value at baseline. A positive change reflects a decline at 3 years and a negative change reflects an improvement at 3 years.

Correlation Between Dose-volume Data and Both Adverse Events and EfficacyFrom randomization to end of follow-up.
Percentage of Participants AliveFrom randomization to last follow-up. Evaluated weekly during radiation therapy (RT), last day of RT, 1, 6, and 12 months after RT completion, then annually. Maximum follow-up at time of analysis was 10.1 years. Five-year rates are provided here.

Failure is defined as death due to any cause. Failure time (overall survival time) is defined as the time from randomization to the date of death or last known follow-up (censored). Overall survival rates are estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and distributions between the two arms are compared using the log-rank test. Five-year rates are provided here.

Treatment CostFrom randomization to end of treatment.

Trial Locations

Locations (415)

University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

The Kirklin Clinic at Acton Road

🇺🇸

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

21st Century Oncology-Scottsdale

🇺🇸

Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

Mayo Clinic in Arizona

🇺🇸

Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

Arizona Oncology Associates-West Orange Grove

🇺🇸

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Banner University Medical Center - Tucson

🇺🇸

Tucson, Arizona, United States

CHI Saint Vincent Cancer Center Hot Springs

🇺🇸

Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

🇺🇸

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Auburn

🇺🇸

Auburn, California, United States

Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Cameron Park

🇺🇸

Cameron Park, California, United States

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University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center
🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States

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