Comparison of quality of recovery, postoperative pain and inflammatory biomarkers amongst opioid free, opioid sparing versus opioid based general anesthesia in breast conservation surgery – A pilot randomized control study.

Traditional pain management strategies often rely heavily on opiods which can be associated with adverse effects such as sedation, nausea and a risk of dependence. Off late, there is an increasing interest in opiod sparing multimodal analgesic techniques that incorporate regional anesthesia techniques and agents like Lignocaine to improve recovery and pain outcomes.

Traditional pain management strategies often rely heavily on opioids which can be associated with adverse effects such as sedation, nausea and a risk of dependence. Off late, there is an increasing interest in opioid sparing multimodal analgesic techniques that incorporate local anesthetics and agents like intravenous Lignocaine to improve pain outcomes and reduce the risk of developing chronic pain. Understanding the comparative benefits of these agents could guide clinical practice in selecting optimal peri-operative analgesic strategies, more importantly in preventing development of PPSP, CPSP. Opioids form an integral part of general anesthesia. In view of animal studies associating opioids with increased circulating tumor markers and tumor recurrence, more emphasis has been laid upon opioid sparing techniques.Intravenous lignocaine has been integrated as multimodal analgesia, along with regional anesthesia techniques and found to be beneficial in attenuating tumor markers and recurrence. The recovery and pain characteristics of patients vary among patients receiving opioid based general anesthesia with that of opioid sparing and opioid free techniques.