Whey vs Casein to Combat Post-inflammatory Protein and Muscle Waste - Combining Endotoxemia, Immobilisation and Fasting in Healthy Young Males in a New Model of Acute Febrile Disease
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 10
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change in muscle phenylalanine netbalance over the forearm muscle
研究概览
简要总结
This study compares three different protein supplements (casein, whey and leucine-enriched whey) and their effect on post-inflammatory muscle waste in a model of acute disease. Each test person will undergo all three interventions.
It is believed that leucine is the primary driver of muscle protein synthesis and therefore we hypothesize that leucine-enriched whey and whey are superior to casein in combating post-inflammatory muscle waste, because of its higher leucine content (16%, 11% and 9% leucine, respectively).
详细描述
Background:
Acute illness is accompanied by infection/inflammation, anorexia and immobilization all contributing to muscle loss, making nutritional supplement optimization an obvious target for investigation and eventually clinical intervention. In the clinical setting large heterogenicity among patients complicates investigations of muscle metabolism during acute illness. Therefore we introduce a disease model by combining "Inflammation + 36 hour fast and bedrest". Inflammation/febrile illness will be initiated by using the well-established "human endotoxemia model" with a bolus injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known to cause inflammation comparable with the initial phase of sepsis. The amino acid leucine has shown to be particularly anabolic in performance sports, but little is known about its potential beneficial effects during acute illness. Leucine is a powerful activator of muscle protein synthesis and it seems that protein supplements with the highest leucine content elicit a greater increase in protein synthesis than those with a smaller fraction of leucine.
The protein supplements used most in hospitals contain casein derived protein, which has a much lower leucine content than the whey protein compounds typically used in performance sports.
This study compares three different protein supplements.The study is an open, randomized crossover trial. Laboratory technicians, test subjects and investigators will be blinded.
Interventions:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
盲法说明
The three different protein supplements will be fabricated with the same taste, colour and weight. They will be named "A", "B" and "C" and the investigator will not know which protein is which until all data has been collected and analysed.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 20 Years 至 40 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy Male
- •Age between 20-40
- •BMI between 20-30
- •Normal health examination and blood samples
- •Written informed consent
排除标准
- •Immobilisation of an extremity, unless a doctor has declared it fully rehabilitated.
- •Allergy against lidocain or latex.
- •The use of anabolic steroids
- •Disease like: Diabetes, epilepsia, infection, cardiovascular disease.
结局指标
主要结局
Change in muscle phenylalanine netbalance over the forearm muscle
时间窗: Change from baseline to 3.5 hours after intervention
Changes of muscle phenylalanine net balance (= arterio(phe conc)-venous(phe conc) x flow) from baseline to 3.5 hours after intervention using the forearm model
次要结局
- Blood enrichment of essential amino acids(At baseline and every 30 minutes during the intervention period (3.5 hours))
- Changes in insulin concentrations(At baseline and every 30 minutes during the intervention period (3.5 hours))
- Changes in IL-6 profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))
- Change in Intracellular signalling in muscle measured by western blotting.(Change from baseline and after 2 hours of intervention)
- Energy expenditure(At baseline and after 2.5 hours of intervention)
- Changes in Glucose, fat and protein oxidation rates(At baseline and after 2.5 hours of intervention)
- Changes in Glucagon concentrations(Change from baseline and to 1 hour and 3.5 hour after the intervention)
- Changes in temperature profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))
- Changes in symptom score profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))
- Change in whole body protein metabolism measured by a combination of phenylalanine- and tyrosine tracer(Change from baseline to 3.5 hours after intervention)
- Changes in GLP-1 concentrations(Change from baseline and to 1 hour and 3.5 hour after the intervention)
- Changes in heart rate profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))
- Changes in TNfalfa profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))
- Change in muscle breakdown and synthesis rates measured by phenylalanine tracer(Change from baseline to 3.5 hours after intervention)
- Changes in Glucose concentrations(At baseline and every 30 minutes during the intervention period (3.5 hours))
- Changes in GIP concentrations(Change from baseline and to 1 hour and 3.5 hour after the intervention)
- Changes in blood pressure profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))
- Changes in IL-1 profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))
- Changes in IL-10 profile upon repeated LPS exposure(Measured at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after LPS (6-8 weeks between visit 1,2 and 3))