Effects of Sugar-free Products With Added Sweeteners: Apricot Jam, Cranberry Cereal Bar, and Cocoa Drink on Glycemic Responses: Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Humans
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 12
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Capillary blood glucose responses
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This study investigated the effects of three commonly used sugar-free snacks with added sweeteners on glycemic responses
Detailed Description
This study aimed at 1. to determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of three sugar-free products with added sweeteners: apricot jam, cranberry cereal bar, and cocoa drink, and 2. to investigate the effects of these products on the postprandial glycemic response in healthy subjects
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Other
- Masking
- Single (Investigator)
Masking Description
Single (Investigator)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 50 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •non-smoking
- •non-diabetic men and women
- •body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 29.9 kg/m2
Exclusion Criteria
- •severe chronic disease (e.g. coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus,kidney or liver conditions, endocrine conditions)
- •gastrointestinal disorders
- •pregnancy
- •lactation
- •competitive sports
- •drug dependency
Arms & Interventions
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread as reference food (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread with apricot jam (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cereal bar with cranberries (Other)
Glucose as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cocoa drink (Other)
White bread as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Glucose as reference food (Other)
White bread as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread as reference food (Other)
White bread as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread with apricot jam (Other)
White bread as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cereal bar with cranberries (Other)
White bread as reference food
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cocoa drink (Other)
White bread with apricot jam
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Glucose as reference food (Other)
White bread with apricot jam
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread as reference food (Other)
White bread with apricot jam
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread with apricot jam (Other)
White bread with apricot jam
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cereal bar with cranberries (Other)
White bread with apricot jam
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cocoa drink (Other)
Cereal bar with cranberries
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Cereal bar with cranberries
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread as reference food (Other)
Cereal bar with cranberries
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread with apricot jam (Other)
Cereal bar with cranberries
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cereal bar with cranberries (Other)
Cereal bar with cranberries
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cocoa drink (Other)
Cocoa drink
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Glucose as reference food (Other)
Cocoa drink
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread as reference food (Other)
Cocoa drink
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: White bread with apricot jam (Other)
Cocoa drink
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cereal bar with cranberries (Other)
Cocoa drink
Twelve healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 6) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 25g available carbohydrate from D-glucose, three times, in different weeks as reference food along with 250ml water; and 25g available carbohydrates from white bread, white bread and apricot jam, cereal bar with cranberries, and cocoa drink, tested once, in different weeks along with 250ml water or 500ml fat-free milk for the cocoa drink. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Intervention: Cocoa drink (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Capillary blood glucose responses
Time Frame: 2 hours
Clinically useful change in blood glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test
Secondary Outcomes
- Subjective appetite ratings(2 hours)
Investigators
Aimilia Papakonstantinou
Assistant Professor
Agricultural University of Athens