Clinical, Biochemical, and Microbiological Evaluation of Dental and Periodontal Health in Obese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Marmara University
- Enrollment
- 75
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Salivary IL-1α Levels
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This study aims to investigate whether obesity affects oral and gum health in children and adolescents. A total of 75 children aged 8 to 13 years participated, including both obese and non-obese individuals. All participants received a dental examination, and samples of saliva, blood, and gum fluid were collected to measure specific inflammation-related substances (such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and leptin). The presence of specific bacteria in the mouth was also analyzed.
Detailed Description
This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate the relationship between pediatric obesity and periodontal health by integrating clinical, biochemical, and microbiological assessments. A total of 75 adolescents (36 obese and 39 non-obese), aged 8-13 years, were enrolled. Clinical oral evaluations included dft, DMFT, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD). Blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected for ELISA-based measurement of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1α, IL-1β, and leptin). Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using real-time PCR to quantify six key periodontal pathogens.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Observational
- Observational Model
- Other
- Time Perspective
- Cross Sectional
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 8 Years to 13 Years (Child)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Children aged between 8 and 13 years
- •Parental consent obtained
- •No systemic diseases other than obesity
- •No current medication use
Exclusion Criteria
- •Use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs in the past 3 months
- •History of systemic disease (other than obesity for the obese group)
- •Undergoing orthodontic treatment
- •Missing permanent first molars
- •Uncooperative behavior during examination
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Salivary IL-1α Levels
Time Frame: At baseline (single time point, during sample collection visit)
This outcome measures the concentration of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) in unstimulated saliva and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Salivary IL-1β Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in unstimulated saliva and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Salivary Leptin Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of leptin in unstimulated saliva and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Serum IL-1α Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) in serum samples and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Serum IL-1β Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in serum samples and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Serum Leptin Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of leptin in serum samples and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) IL-1α Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) in GCF samples and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
GCF IL-1β Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in GCF samples and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
GCF Leptin Levels
Time Frame: At baseline
This outcome measures the concentration of leptin in GCF samples and compares levels between obese and non-obese adolescents. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Time Frame: at baseline
Unit of Measure: kg/m² Description: BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared (kg/m²). Measurements will be used to classify participants as obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) or non-obese (BMI \< 75th percentile) according to age- and sex-specific CDC growth charts. Higher BMI values indicate greater obesity severity.
Secondary Outcomes
- Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Subgingival Plaque(At baseline (single time point))
- Presence of Treponema denticola in Subgingival Plaque(At baseline (during clinical examination))
- Presence of Tannerella forsythia in Subgingival Plaque(At baseline (during clinical examination))
- Presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Subgingival Plaque(At baseline)
- Presence of Prevotella intermedia in Subgingival Plaque(At baseline)
- Presence of Candida albicans in Subgingival Plaque(At baseline)
- Gingival Index (GI) Score(At baseline)
- Total Bacterial DNA in Subgingival Plaque(At baseline)
- Bleeding on Probing (BOP)(at baseline)
- Dental Caries Experience (dft Index)(At baseline)
- Plaque Index (PI) Score(At baseline (during clinical examination))
- Probing Depth (PD)(At baseline)