Cross- Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and validity of Gujarati Version of the Beck Depression Inventory- II in people with acute stroke

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in stroke patients. Post stroke depression (PSD) is a well-known phenomenon and It occurs in at least a quarter of stroke survivors in the first year after the stroke. About one in three stroke survivors suffered from depression after the stroke. Post stroke depression nearly affects 85% of the strokes and is linked to more severe functional dysfunction, poor rehabilitation outcomes, and social isolation after stroke

Depressed mood apathy, weight loss or increase, sleep disturbances, exhaustion, worthlessness, and anhedonia are the primary clinical signs of post stroke depression. This greatly affected functional rehabilitation, causing a poor quality of life. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck in 1961, consists of 21 multiple-choice questions for self-report. It is a 21-item measure designed to evaluate depression in both adults and adolescents over the age of 13. Over the course of a month, it poses questions regarding low mood, feelings of helplessness, psychomotor retardation, guilt and restlessness, and depression.There have been two significant updates to the BDI: the BDI-I in 1978 and the BDI-II in 1996. The improved BDI-II measures physical and psychological symptoms of major depression episodes lasting two weeks. Some components have been replaced in this version. Agitation, worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and energy loss were substituted for four BDI-I items that proved less sensitive for identifying typical symptoms of severe depression: weight loss, distorted body image, somatic preoccupation, and inability to work.The minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 63. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. In those diagnosed with depression, scores of 0–13 indicate minimal depression, 14–19 (mild depression), 20–28 (moderate depression) and 29–63 (severe depression)

The scores above 20 indicate depression.