Preventing Drug Abuse and HIV in Hispanic First Offenders

Familias Unidas aims to prevent drug use and unprotected sexual behavior by increasing family functioning. A sample of 240 Hispanic adolescent first offenders or those at risk of becoming first offenders (age range 12 to 17) and 240 primary caregivers will be randomized to one of two conditions: Familias Unidas or Treatment as Usual. The investigators do not expect any risks to participants for participating in this study; however, participants may feel embarrassed by some of the content or feel fatigued as a result of completing the assessments. Also, depending on which group participants are assigned to, they may be less likely to use drugs and practice unsafe sexual behaviors and more likely to function better as families.

The proposed study will be guided by four aims. AIM 1 is to evaluate the efficacy of Familias Unidas, relative to Treatment as Usual in preventing illicit drug use in a sample of Hispanic youth first offenders or those at high risk of committing a first offense; AIM 2 is to evaluate the efficacy of Familias Unidas, relative to Treatment as Usual in preventing unsafe sexual behavior; AIM 3 is to evaluate the efficacy of Familias Unidas, relative to Treatment as Usual in preventing a first offense or reducing the number of subsequent criminal offenses ; and AIM 4 is to assess the extent to which family functioning mediates the effects of the intervention on illicit drug use, unsafe sexual behavior, and first or subsequent criminal offenses.

Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic adolescents are highly vulnerable to drug use and HIV infection. Hispanic adolescents between the ages of 13 to 19 are five times more likely to be infected with HIV than are same-aged non-Hispanic Whites (CDC-P, 2006). Compared to non-Hispanic whites and to African Americans, Hispanic 8th graders report the highest lifetime, annual, and 30-day prevalence rates of alcohol, cigarette, and licit or illicit drug use (with the exception of amphetamines; Johnston et al., 2008). Hispanic adolescents also have higher rates of unprotected sex at last intercourse (CDC-P, 2007) than non-Hispanic whites or African Americans. Drug use and unsafe sexual behavior are risks for HIV infection. Hispanics are also a youthful population, with more than one-third under the age of 18 (Marotta & Garcia, 2003). Preventing drug use and HIV in Hispanics, and particularly among Hispanic youth at elevated risk for drug use and unsafe sexual behavior, such as Hispanics in the criminal justice setting or those at risk of entering the criminal justice system (Telpin, 2003), is therefore of vital importance.