The Effect of Cold Exposure on Energy Expenditure

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Cold Exposure
• Interventions: Other: Cold exposure

• Registration Number: NCT05107570
• Lead Sponsor: Maastricht University

Brief Summary

Cold-induced thermogenesis, or the increase in energy expenditure upon cold exposure, indicates metabolic stress, as such, cold-induced thermogenesis may signal an appropriate stimulus to improve metabolic health. Cold acclimation may alter cold-induced thermogenesis due to changes in (non)shivering thermogenesis and blood flow. The main aim of this research is to compare the energy expenditure responses, during a standardised cold stress (\~ 9°C air temperature, maximum 1 hour), of Siberian adults with Western European adults. The subjects will be individually matched for age, sex, body mass and height. It was hypothesised that cold-induced thermogenesis will be reduced in the Siberian population.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2021-05-17
• Study First Submitted: 2021-09-21
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-10-25
• Study First Posted: 2021-11-04
• Primary Completion: 2022-05-02
• Study Completion: 2022-05-02
• Status Verified: 2022-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2022-07-26
• Last Update Posted: 2022-07-28

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 26

Inclusion Criteria

• Signed informed consent
• Western European origin or of Siberian origin
• BMI between 18.5 and 35 kg/m2
• Generally healthy (determined by dependent physician)

Exclusion Criteria

• Smoking
• Active, uncontrolled cardiovascular disease or cancer
• Raynaud's disease
• Participation in another biomedical study within 1 month before the first study
• Cold-acclimated (Western European group), such as takes daily extended cold baths, works in a refrigerated environment, or regular cold-water swimming within 1 month of starting the study
• Medication use known to hamper subject's safety during study procedures
• Abuse of alcohol or drugs

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Cold exposure applied to Western European individuals	Cold exposure	Participants rested under thermoneutral conditions for 30 min, which was then followed by exposure to \~ 9°C air temperature for a maximum of 1 hour. Same duration as matched Siberian individuals.
Cold exposure applied to Siberian individuals	Cold exposure	Participants rested under thermoneutral conditions for 30 min, which was then followed by exposure to \~ 9°C air temperature for a maximum of 1 hour. Same duration as matched European individuals.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Cold-induced thermogenesis	30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour)	Energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Substrate oxidation	30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour)	Carbohydrate and fat oxidation will be determined with indirect calorimetry
Skin temperature	30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour)	Skin temperature determined with iButtons, measured in °C
Core temperature	30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour)	Core temperature determined with a gastrointestinal pill, measured in °C
Shivering activity	30 min before and during the cold exposure (maximum 1 hour)	Electromyography will be used to measure the electrical activity of 3 skeletal muscles

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Maastricht University; 🇳🇱 Maastricht, Netherlands