Mandibular Second Molar Impaction In Indian Population Prevalence, Associated Dental Anomalies, And The Role Of Third Molars

Orthopantomograms (OPGs) will be retrieved from the records of patients who present to the outpatient department (OPD) for routine dental examinations. These OPGs will be acquired by qualified radiographers adhering to established radiographic protocols. From the available OPGs, those meeting the pre-defined inclusion criteria will be selected. A standardized data collection form will be utilized to record the required information from each OPG. Trained and calibrated radiographers will analyze the selected OPGs. The data from the forms will be entered into a database (e.g., spreadsheet, statistical software) for subsequent analysis.

Following parameters are evaluated

Impaction Degree & Angulation: Evaluate the severity and angulation of the second mandibular molar impaction.

Eruption Status: Determine whether the second molar is fully or partially erupted.

Radiographic Evaluation: Use radiographic imaging to measure the angulation of the impacted molar relative to adjacent teeth and the mandibular body.

Tooth Relationships: Assess the relationship of the impacted molar with adjacent and opposing (maxillary) teeth, as impaction may contribute to malocclusion.

Root Development: Examine root development stage and morphology, which are key prognostic factors in impaction cases.

Radiographic Risk: Radiographic evaluation involves minimal risk, with radiation exposure within standard care guidelines and not considered significant.