Comparison of transtracheal ultrasonography, end tidal capnography, and chest auscultation for confirmation of endotracheal tube placement in paediatric patients.

The proper location of the ETT can be determined using a variety of techniques, such as intubation under direct view, observation of the movements of the chest wall, auscultation of unilateral breath sound, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and a chest X-ray. However, among all of them, capnography is regarded as the gold standard. The current study is conducted with the primary objective to compare mean time taken to confirm endotracheal tube placement using transtracheal ultrasonography with end-tidal capnography and chest auscultation in paediatric patients. The methodology will be once an experienced anaesthesiologist introduces the laryngoscope through the incisors, a timer will be started(start time common for all). Intubation will be done, endotracheal tube cuff will be inflated, connected to circuit and mechanical ventilation will be initiated. Three observers will be ready for assessment of endotracheal tube placement confirmation with their respective methods, that is transtracheal ultrasonography, capnography and unilateral chest auscultation.