Role of Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program in Insulin Dependent Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Diabetic Neuropathies
• Interventions: Other: Physiotherapy; Other: Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program and Physiotherapy; Other: Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program

• Registration Number: NCT04813133
• Lead Sponsor: Riphah International University

Brief Summary

This study aims to determine the role of Synchronized Lifestyle modification program along with Physiotherapy on the symptoms of DPN in patients on insulin therapy.

Detailed Description

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which influence about 8.3% of adult population and is the fifth major cause of death globally. In Pakistan, prevalence of type 2 diabetes is 16.98% according to recent survey held in 2019. DM is classified into type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, there is an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion due to an autoimmune pathologic process occurring in beta islets of pancreas. While Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion with resultant hyperglycemia leading to micro and macrovascular complications. Macrovascular complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke and peripheral artery disease. Amongst microvascular complications, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complication in both developed and developing countries. DPN is a symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy which is attributed to metabolic and micro vessel alterations due to hyperglycemia and concomitant cardiovascular risk covariates. Major risk factors for development of DPN include duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and age, followed by prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. DPN can engender disablement in touch sensation, vibration sense, lower limb proprioception, and kinesthesia thus contributing to impaired balance, altered gait with increased risk of falling. DPN occurs in more than 50% of people with type 2 diabetes. It is a salient risk factor for skin breakdown, amputation, and reduced physical mobility consequently lowering the quality of life Management of DPN is multifaceted and includes efforts to alter the natural history (lifestyle changes) and symptomatic treatments through pharmacological interventions. Daily habits and actions exert an enormous influence on short-term and long-term health and quality of life. Importance of dietary modification is enhanced if it is synchronized with the circadian rhythm of the body. Therefore, Synchronized Lifestyle modification program is a personalized, homeostasis restoring, liver centric lifestyle modification program that works through the correction of body clock rhythm. Lifestyle medicine comprises of cluster of positive lifestyle practices including maintenance of a healthy body weight, regular physical activity, cessation of cigarette smoking, stress reduction as well following a few nutritional practices such as increasing whole grains and consuming more fruits and vegetables. Lifestyle modification, including diet and exercise, slow the progression of neuropathy by promoting small nerve fiber regeneration. Dietary modifications include intake of nutrient, such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, low-fat dairy, lean meats, nuts, and seeds. These foods help to maintain body weight, attain individualized glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid goals and prevent complications of diabetes. Exercise improves three of the biggest risk factors for diabetic neuropathy including insulin sensitivity and glucose control, obesity, and dyslipidemia. These exercises include aerobic exercise that improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in diabetics. Strength training exercise improves postural sway during standing, and gait characteristics during level-ground walking. While the flexibility exercise are suggested for refining distal joint mobility and plantar pressure distribution during gait. Thus, Exercise is known to enhance multiple metabolic factors that may affect nerve health and microvascular function, which may indirectly protect against peripheral nerve damage.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2021-02-02
• Study Start: 2021-02-05
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-03-21
• Study First Posted: 2021-03-24
• Primary Completion: 2022-01-30
• Study Completion: 2022-01-30
• Status Verified: 2024-11
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-11-19
• Last Update Posted: 2024-11-20

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 216

Inclusion Criteria

1. Both males and females
2. Five years duration of clinically diagnosed type 2 Diabetes were included in the study
3. On insulin therapy
4. Diagnosed to have peripheral neuropathy according to Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument with a physical examination score > 2.5

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Exclusion Criteria

1. Type 1 Diabetics
2. Type 2 Diabetics
3. On oral hypoglycemic and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 analogues, patients having neuropathies due to other causes (Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, Drug and Alcohol abuse), patients with other co-morbidities (Renal insufficiency, Heart, Liver and Eye diseases)
4. Patients with foot ulcers and orthopedic or surgical problems of lower limb
5. Patients with peripheral vascular diseases, inability to walk independently
6. Patients receiving any structured supervised physiotherapy intervention
7. Pregnant females were excluded from the study

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Physiotherapy	Physiotherapy	Physiotherapy included Aerobics, Resistance exercise, Flexibility exercise, and Balance exercise.
Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program and Physiotherapy	Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program and Physiotherapy	Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program and Physiotherapy
Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program	Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program	Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Measurement of Diastolic Blood Pressure	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by using Mercury Sphygmomanometer with minimum value of 60 millimeter of Mercury and maximum value of 90 millimeter of Mercury. Below 60 millimeter of Mercury is considered as low diastolic pressure and above 90 millimeter of Mercury is considered as high diastolic pressure
Assessment of Presence and Severity of Neuropathy by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) that consists of a history questionnaire comprising of 15 questions related to symptoms of diabetic neuropathy with a score of \>7 is considered as abnormal and Physical examination that consists of inspection of foot for deformities, ulcers and callus formation, Ankle reflex and vibration sensation with a score of \>2.5 is considered abnormal
Measurement of Peak Latency of Sensory Nerves of lower extremities (Sural and Peroneal)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Nerve Conduction Studies with a maximum value of 4.2 millisecond for sural nerve and 6.1 milliseconds for peroneal nerve are considered normal. Values below 4.2 and 6.1 milliseconds are considered abnormal.
Velocity of Sensory Nerves of lower extremities (Sural and Peroneal)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Nerve Conduction Studies with minimum limit of 44 meters /second and maximum limit of 64 meters/second. Value below 44m/sec and above 64m/sec are considered abnormal.
Onset Latency of Motor Nerves (Peroneal and Tibial)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Nerve Conduction Studies with a value of 6.1 milliseconds for both nerves is considered normal. Value below 6.1 milliseconds is considered abnormal.
Velocity of Motor Nerves (Peroneal and Tibial)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Nerve Conduction Studies with a value of 41 m/sec is considered normal. Value below 41 m/sec is considered abnormal
Lifestyle pattern assessment	12 weeks	Changes from baseline assessed through a self structured questionnaire consisted of open ended questions to assess the timing and type of food taken in meals, daily water intake and sleeping habits. Total 10 questions are included.
Calculation of Body Mass Index	12 weeks	Changes from baseline calculated by measuring height through metal measuring tape in meters and weight in kilograms through potable manual weighing scale. BMI with minimum value of 18.5 and maximum value of 24.5 Kilogram/ square meter. Below 18.5 is considered as underweight and above 24.9 is considered as obese
Measurement of Systolic Blood Pressure	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by using Mercury Sphygmomanometer with minimum value of 110 millimeter of Mercury and maximum value of 130 millimeter of Mercury. Below 110 millimeter of Mercury is considered as low systolic pressure and above 130 millimeter of Mercury is considered as high systolic pressure
Amplitude of Motor Nerves (Peroneal and Tibial)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Nerve Conduction Studies with a value of 2 millivolts for peroneal nerve and 3 millivolts for tibial nerve is considered normal. Value below 2 and 3 microvolts is considered abnormal.
Assessment of Balance by Berg Balance Scale (BBS)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Berg Balance Scale (BBS) with Low Fall Risk score of 41-56, Medium Fall Risk 21-40, High Fall Risk 0-20
Serum Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are measured by Friedewald calculation with a minimum value of 100 and a maximum value of 120 milligram /deciliter is considered as normal.
Serum High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)	2 weeks	Changes from baseline are measured by Direct Enzymatic Immuno-inhibition with a maximum value of 40milligram/deciliter and higher is considered as normal. Value below 40 milligram/deciliter is considered as abnormal.
Fasting Blood Glucose	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are measured by glucose oxidase strip method in milligram/deciliter using glucometer with a minimum value of 72 mg/dL and a maximum value of 99mg/dL is considered normal. Value below 72mg/dL is considered as hypoglycemia and value above 99 mg/dL is considered hyperglycemia.
Measurement of Amplitude of Sensory Nerves of lower extremities (Sural and Peroneal)	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are assessed by Nerve Conduction Studies with a value of 2 microvolts for peroneal nerve and 6 microvolts for sural nerve are considered normal. Values below 2 and 6 microvolts were considered abnormal.
Serum Triglycerides	12 week	Changes from baseline are measured by Glycerol Phosphate Enzyme Based Method with a minimum value of 150 milligram /deciliter and a maximum value of 199 milligram/deciliter is considered normal. Value above 200 milligram/deciliter is considered as increased serum triglycerides
Serum Total Cholesterol	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are measured by Cholesterol Oxidase Enzyme Based Method with a minimum value of 125 and a maximum value of 200 milligram /deciliters considered as normal. Value above 200 milligram/deciliter is considered as hypercholesterolemia.
Serum HbA1c concentration	12 weeks	Changes from baseline are measured by Ion Exchange Chromatography with a minimum value of 4% and maximum value of 5.9% is considered normal.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Pakistan Railway Hospital, Islamabad; 🇵🇰 Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan