The Patient AS EDUcator in Anesthesia: Exploring the Patients' Experience During and After Unexpected Cesarean Delivery Under Neuraxial Anesthesia to Inform Anesthetic Practice. A Prospective Patient-centred Multidisciplinary Mixed-method. (PAS-EDU-uCD-NA)

Cesarean delivery (CD) is a surgical procedure that allows for birth of a neonate through a laparotomy and hysterotomy and is the most common surgical procedure performed worldwide with 21% of all childbirths occurring via CD. Neuraxial anesthesia (NA) is the preferred anesthetic for CD because it has a better safety profile, avoids airway management, decreases blood loss, improves postoperative analgesia, and decreases neonatal drug exposure compared with general anesthesia.

NA allows the patient and partner to experience the delivery, enhancing parent-baby bonding, but has many well-described risks, including hypotension leading to nausea, shivering, post-dural puncture headache, nerve injury, and failure to achieve satisfactory anesthesia. If a CD is needed in a parturient with an existing labour epidural analgesia, it is common practice to convert or 'top-up' the epidural catheter, with the aim of initiating surgical anesthesia by injecting more concentrated local anesthetic (LA) solution, normally combined with a lipid-soluble opioid.

Patients' greatest concern during and after CD is pain. Childbirth is a profound experience with 1/3 of patients experiencing a highly stressful and potentially traumatic childbirth. A birthing parent's experience during a planned CD versus an unexpected CD (uCD) can play a role in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Childbirth-related PTSD is estimated to affect 5-6% of all postpartum women. With CD representing 1/3 of all North American deliveries annually, uCDs will contribute to an increased risk of PTSD and post-partum depression (PPD) symptoms. Given the suffering associated with PPD and that women experiencing PPD incur greater health care costs, understanding the association between CD and associated traumatic birth experiences may help guide interventions to address both the psychosocial impact on families and the economic impacts on health care.

The concept of "patients as educators" is new to the practice of anesthesia and aims to embrace the patient perspective to guide quality improvement initiatives. This study will explore patients' perception of their experience with uCD under neuraxial anesthesia (uCD-NA) and aim to provide insight into patients' feelings, concerns and expectations after an unscheduled experience for childbirth. By adding the providers' perspective on the topic of childbirth via uCD-NA, the investigators will be able to explore differences and similarities in opinions, thoughts, feelings and concerns as well as wishes for their care between patients and their providers. Thus, the study will also aim to explore the perspective of anesthesiologists, anesthesia assistants/respiratory therapists, obstetricians and registered nurses.