Effects of Short-term Overfeeding With or Without Exercise on 24-hour Fat Oxidation and Fat Balance Before and After 10 Weeks of Training - The FeedEX Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 终止
- 入组人数
- 5
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change in 24-hour fat balance with overfeeding after training
研究概览
简要总结
Rationale: Body weight is not well regulated in all individuals. In an obesogenic environment, where overeating is common, some individuals are more prone to weight gain and therefore overweight than others. Yet, the reasons behind this are unclear. "Resistant" individuals often have higher physical activity levels (PALs). It seems that - at higher levels of physical activity and therefore energy expenditure - satiety signals are more precisely regulated, making one better at matching energy intake with expenditure. In other words, active people may not overeat where sedentary people would. However, this does not explain the differences in weight gain observed when subjects all have to overeat (imposed overfeeding). It could be that active people are better able to cope metabolically with the extra calories because of already higher levels of carbohydrate and fat oxidation compared to their inactive counterparts.
Objectives: 1/ To study the effects of overfeeding (normal diet composition) on substrate balance and oxidation and more specifically fat balance and oxidation; 2/ to study the effects of exercise and training on fat oxidation during overfeeding (normal diet composition).
Study design: This controlled intervention study will follow a cross-over design. Each subject will spend 5 nights and 4 days in a respiration chamber on two occasions, separated by a 10-week training period.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 30 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Caucasians
- •18-30 years
- •BMI 21-27.5 kg.m-2
- •Sedentary lifestyle: the following serve as (non-strict) guidelines: "Low category of activity" according to the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1) below: 45 - AGE (yrs) / 3 corresponding to a fitness category below "fair" (i.e. "poor" or "very poor") as defined by Schvartz and Reibold. For example for an 18 year-old male, VO2max below 39 ml.kg-1.min-
- •Stable body weight (<5% change in the last 6 months)
排除标准
- •Following a (weight-loss) diet
- •Using medications
- •Consuming more than 3 units of alcohol per day
- •Diagnosed with any chronic diseases known to affect energy metabolism (intake/expenditure) such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or thyroid disease.
- •Trained or regularly physically active (according to the IPAQ)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in 24-hour fat balance with overfeeding after training
时间窗: Baseline and 3 months
Day3 24-hour fat balance (calculated as the difference between metabolisable fat intake and fat oxidation measured by indirect calorimetry in respiration chamber) after training compared to baseline (=before training)
Change in 24-hour fat balance with overfeeding and exercise after training
时间窗: Baseline and 3 months
Day4 24-hour fat balance (calculated as the difference between metabolisable fat intake and fat oxidation measured by indirect calorimetry in respiration chamber) after training compared to baseline (=before training)
次要结局
- Change in 24-hour fat oxidation with overfeeding and exercise in inactive men(Day 3 and day 4 (baseline stay in respiration chamber))
- Change in 24-hour carbohydrate oxidation with overfeeding and exercise in inactive men(Day 3 and day 4 (baseline stay in respiration chamber))
- Change in 24-hour fat balance with overfeeding and exercise in inactive men(Day 3 and day 4 (baseline stay in respiration chamber))
- Change in 24-hour fat oxidation with overfeeding and exercise in active men(Day 3 and day 4 (stay in respiration chamber at 3 months))
- Change in 24-hour carbohydrate oxidation with overfeeding and exercise in active men(Day 3 and day 4 (stay in respiration chamber at 3 months))
- Change in 24-hour fat balance with overfeeding and exercise in active men(Day 3 and day 4 (stay in respiration chamber at 3 months))
- Change in 24-hour carbohydrate oxidation with overfeeding after training(Baseline and 3 months)
- Change in 24-hour carbohydrate oxidation with overfeeding and exercise after training(Baseline and 3 months)
- Change in fat oxidation after training assessed in energy balance(Baseline and 3 months)
- Genes involved in lipid metabolism(Baseline, 2 weeks (pre-training), 3 months (post-training))
- Change in body composition(Baseline and 3 months)
- Change in cardiorespiratory fitness(Baseline, after 6-7 weeks of training and 3 months)
- Change in energy expenditure in free-living conditions(Baseline and 3 months)
- Validity of Actigraph GT3X accelerometer(Two 14-day periods (baseline and 3 months))
- Change in carbohydrate oxidation after training assessed in energy balance(Baseline and 3 months)
- Energy expenditure with overfeeding in inactive men(4 days at baseline)
- Energy expenditure with overfeeding in active men(4 days at 3 months)
- Insulin sensitivity(Baseline, 2 weeks (pre-training), 3 months (post-training))
- adipocyte size(Baseline, 2 weeks (pre-training), 3 months (post-training))