Delay of Gratification: Life Habits of Delaying and Cascading Effects on Life Outcomes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 200
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Experiences Waiting at Home
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this clinical trial is to test the associations of young children's early life experiences with delaying behaviors and links with later life outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Do experiences with waiting in early childhood predict delaying behavior in context-specific ways?
- Are links between delaying behavior and life outcomes impacted by social conventions, effort and choices around delaying, or other behaviors?
Participants will:
- Complete two delaying tasks with either a sweet or wrapped gift
- Complete three "Simon says"-like games that measure inhibition, cognitive flexibility and proactive control
- Answer a set of questions about academic readiness
- Answer a set of questions about social conventions
- Complete a waiting game on the computer while a camera records eye movements
- Parents will answer questions about their child's behaviors and experiences at home
- Participants will return after 1 year to repeat a subset of these measures
详细描述
In sessions 1 and 2, 4-6-year-olds will complete a delay of gratification task (randomly assigned to one of two groups, to delay with either a sweet or a wrapped gift), the NASA Load Index to report perceived demand and effort for the delay of gratification task, a computerized delay choice measure (while pupillometric data is collected), a Go/No-Go task, the NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort, a Track-It task, a task measuring sensitivity to social conventions, and Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement. Parents will complete the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), the REEF executive function questionnaire, and questionnaires about demographics and children's experiences waiting at mealtimes, when opening gifts, and in other contexts.
In session 3 (1 year after sessions 1 and 2), participants and parents will repeat the measures from sessions 1 and 2.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 4 Years 至 7 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Typically developing children will be recruited. Participants will be pre-screened for developmental disorders.
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
Delay of Gratification - Treat
Reward presented is a sweet treat.
干预措施: Delay of Gratification (Other)
Delay of Gratification - Gift
Reward presented is a wrapped gift.
干预措施: Delay of Gratification (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Experiences Waiting at Home
时间窗: Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention
Composite score from a questionnaire developed for this study, measuring experiences with waiting.
Choice Delay
时间窗: Immediately after and 1 year after intervention
Pattern of waiting behavior represented by area under the curve (AUC) for wait times.
Executive Functions
时间窗: Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention
Composite scores from the REEF, a questionnaire measuring executive functioning.
Social Conventions
时间窗: Immediately after and 1 year after intervention
Social task measuring adherence to social conventions.
Academic Readiness
时间窗: Immediately after and 1 year after intervention
Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement: Letter-Word Identification and Applied Problems standardized scores.
Inhibitory Control (Go/No-Go)
时间窗: Immediately after and 1 year after intervention
Accuracy (No-Go trials) during the Go/No-Go inhibitory control task.
Cognitive Flexibility (DCCS)
时间窗: Immediately after intervention and 1 year after intervention
Accuracy (perseveration errors) during the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task.
Problem Behaviors
时间窗: Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention
Composite and sub-scale scores from CBCL, a questionnaire measuring children\'s problem behaviors.
次要结局
- Pupil dilation during delayed choice(Immediately after and 1 year after intervention)
- Behavior while delaying(During initial and 1 year follow-up intervention)
- Subjective Effort(During initial and 1 year follow-up intervention)
- Proactive Control(During initial and 1 year follow-up intervention)
- Child Temperment(Pre-intervention and 1 year after intervention)