Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Nursing Students in Indonesia: A Psychometric Testing Study
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Enrollment
- 672
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Toxic Masculinity
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.
Detailed Description
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.
Key steps included: Translation and back-translation of the original scale, Content validation by experts in gender studies and nursing education, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA & CFA) to test construct validity and Reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency
Study Design
- Study Type
- Observational
- Observational Model
- Other
- Time Perspective
- Prospective
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 17 Years to — (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •nursing student
- •more than 17 years
- •fluent in the Indonesian language
Exclusion Criteria
- •catastropic condition
- •gap year during study
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Toxic Masculinity
Time Frame: one time
The Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS-28) measures endorsement of harmful masculine norms across four domains: Masculine Superiority, Gender Rigidity, Emotional Restriction, and Repressed Suffering. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in male dominance, rigid gender binaries, emotional suppression, and avoidance of help when in pain. In validation samples, average scores were around 58 (on a 28-140 range), suggesting generally low-to-moderate endorsement. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability (α ≈ .93) and strong validity, correlating positively with traditional masculinity norms and negatively with feminist attitudes. These outcomes help identify patterns of toxic masculinity that may impact well-being and relationships.
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported
Investigators
Yudisa Diaz Lutfi Sandi
Principal Investigator
Kaohsiung Medical University