The Effect of Periodontal Health on Smile

Completed

• Conditions: Gingival Diseases; Smiling
• Interventions: Other: Periodontal health and gingivitis

• Registration Number: NCT06554379
• Lead Sponsor: Abant Izzet Baysal University

Brief Summary

Anamnesis was taken from 108 patients aged 18-33 who applied to the clinic and met the inclusion criteria. Photographs of the patients' smiles were taken without any measurement. Plaque , gingival index , bleeding on probing, pocket depth measurements, clinical attachment, and gingival recession levels were measured, respectively. Patients were divided into two groups: peri-implant health and gingivitis. Gingival thickness and keratinized gingival width were also measured. In addition, the smile aesthetic index, style, type, and stage were also determined using the smile classification system. Gingival visibility was measured in mm from the photographs taken.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2023-05-15
• Primary Completion: 2023-05-15
• Study Completion: 2023-06-25
• Study First Submitted: 2024-08-11
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-08-11
• Study First Posted: 2024-08-15
• Status Verified: 2025-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-02-02
• Last Update Posted: 2025-02-04

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 108

Inclusion Criteria

• No systemic disease

Exclusion Criteria

• Active smoking,
• Ongoing or past orthodontic treatment,
• Pregnancy,
• Nursing,
• Individuals who have drug-induced gingival hyperplasia, hereditary gingival fibromatosis, permanent or removable prostheses in the upper front area, or missing teeth in the front region

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Gingivitis	Periodontal health and gingivitis	It includes individuals with gingivitis.
Periodontal health	Periodontal health and gingivitis	It includes gingival healthy individuals without any periodontal disease.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Smile clasificatain system	Baseline	Smile style (Commissura smile, sharp smile, and complex smile), stage (Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV), and type (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4) were analyzed with the smile classification system
Smile esthetic index	Baseline	. The aforementioned factors were assigned a number (0 or 1) depending on their presence or absence, and the total of the assigned numbers indicates the subject's SEI (which ranges from 0 for very poor to 10 for very good)
Keratinized gingival thickness	Baseline	Keratinized gingival thickness refers to the vertical measurement of the gingival tissue that extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction, characterized by a keratinized epithelial layer which provides enhanced protection and stability to the underlying periodontal structures.
Gingival display	Baseline	The gingival displays were measured by measuring the distances from the zenith points to the vermilion border
Keratinized gingival width	Baseline	Keratinized gingival width refers to the horizontal dimension of the gingival tissue that is keratinized, measured from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction.
Gingival phenotype	Baseline	The visible end of the periodontal probe in the sulcus represents a thin gingival phenotype, while the invisible end corresponds to a thick gingival phenotype

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Plaque index	Baseline	The plaque index assesses the amount of dental plaque visible on the vestibular and lingual surfaces of all teeth
Clinical attachment level	Baseline	CAL is calculated by subtracting the gingival margin level from the probing depth.
Gingival recession depth	Baseline	Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin away from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), resulting in the exposure of the root surface of a tooth.
Gingival index	Baseline	This measurement is based on the presence or absence of bleeding on gentle probing
Bleeding on probing	Baseline	Bleeding, leading sign of inflammation inside the connective tissue, is a critical factor for pocket depth measurements, and with other variable factors prevents making reproducible measurements.
Periodontal pocket depth	Baseline	A pathologically deepened gingival sulcus around a tooth at the gingival margin.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University; 🇹🇷 Bolu, Turkey