Comparison of the Effects of Testicular Self-Examination Training Methods on Students' Behaviors and Health Beliefs Regarding Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 122
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Behavior
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to evaluate and compare the effects of different testicular self-examination (TSE) training methods on university students' health beliefs and self-examination behaviors regarding testicular cancer (TC) and TSE.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does receiving brochure-based education or brochure plus audio recordings of TC patient experiences improve students' health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, self-efficacy, and reduced barriers)?
- Which educational method is more effective in increasing the frequency and performance of testicular self-examination behaviors compared to a control group?
Researchers will compare three groups:
- Intervention Group 1: Receives an educational brochure on TC and TSE.
- Intervention Group 2: Receives an educational brochure combined with audio recordings of testicular cancer survivor/patient experiences.
- Control Group: Receives no specific educational intervention during the study period.
Participants will:
- Complete baseline questionnaires regarding demographic information, TC/TSE knowledge, health beliefs, and baseline examination practices.
- Receive the assigned educational material/session according to their randomized cluster.
- Complete follow-up evaluations at 3 months post-intervention to assess changes in health beliefs, knowledge, and TSE behaviors.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Being biologically male
- •Being an active university student enrolled at the university
- •Being aged 18 years or older
- •Having native or fluent Turkish literacy (reading and writing)
- •Having access to a technological device (smartphone, computer, or tablet) with an active internet connection to access digital materials and surveys
- •Voluntary agreement to participate in the study and providing informed consent
排除标准
- •Previous clinical diagnosis of testicular cancer or any other testicular/scrotal malignancy
- •Having undergone major scrotal or testicular surgery (e.g., orchiectomy)
- •Prior formal or professional training on testicular self-examination (TSE) within the last 6 months
- •Inability to complete the educational intervention or follow-up assessments due to sensory or cognitive impairments
研究组 & 干预措施
Intervention 2 (Educational Brochure Group)
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students between, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
干预措施: Educational Brochure (Behavioral)
Control Group (No Intervention)
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). For the control group, no active educational intervention was administered following the pre-test, and only the TSE Behavior Determination Form was applied as a post-test at the end of the sixth week.
干预措施: Control Group (Other)
Intervention 1 (Educational Brochure and Experience-Sharing Recordings Group)
Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure and audio-recorded experience-sharing intervention group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
干预措施: Educational Brochure and Audio Recording (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Behavior
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 weeks post-intervention
Measured using the TSE Behavior Determination Form to evaluate whether the students perform regular testicular self-examination.
次要结局
- Change in Champion's Health Belief Model Scale Scores(At baseline and at 6 weeks post-intervention)
研究者
Ayşe Kılıç Uçar
Professor & Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences
Yeditepe University