Association of hamstring torque, knee flexion angle during landing and dynamic balance in volleyball athletes with and without dynamic knee valgus.

The proposed study investigates the association between hamstring torque, knee flexion angle during landing, and dynamic balance in male volleyball athletes with and without dynamic knee valgus. volleyball involves repetitive jumping and landing, exposing players to a high risk of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries, particularly at the knee joints. Dynamic knee valgus, characterized by an inward collapse of the knee, has been identified as a biomechanical risk factor linked to anterior cruciate ligament injuries, patellofemoral pain and other knee pathologies. The study emphasizes the importance of hamstring strength especially eccentric torque - in maintaining knee stability and counter acting anterior tibial shear forces during landing. Reduced hamstring activation, coupled with decreased with knee flexion angle during landing, has been associate with stiff landing, increasing the load on passive structure and raising injury risk. Further more, dynamic balance, an indicator of neuromuscular control, plays a crucial role in shock absorption and joint alignment during athletic task. The research aims to explore how these three variables correlates and differ between athletes with and without dynamic knee valgus. It adopts a cross sectional design involving 88 male volleyball player age 18 to 25 years , dividing equally into two groups. Outcome measures includes eccentric hamstring torque (assessed by Nordic hamstring curls), knee flexion angle and dynamic knee valgus(measured during drop jump by motion analysis application) and  dynamic balance (evaluated using Y balance test). The finding of this study aims to inform the targeted training and rehabilitation strategies such as eccentric hamstring strengthening and neuromuscular balance training. These intervention could mitigate injury risk, enhance athletic performance, and promote long term joint health in volleyball players. The  result are expected to provide a scientific basis for early  screening, injury prevention program and biomechanically informed training strategies.