The Effect of a Health Belief Model-Based Solution-Focused Childbirth Preparation Program on Fear of Childbirth, Belief in Normal Birth, Pregnancy Stress, and Mode of Delivery in Primigravid Women
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 72
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Fear of Childbirth (Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire - W-DEQ Version A and B)
研究概览
简要总结
Pregnancy is a period characterized by significant physiological and psychosocial changes, during which women adapt to new roles. While some women experience this period with excitement and hope, others may experience anxiety, uncertainty, and fear. Fear of childbirth (tokophobia) is a common condition that can negatively affect women's quality of life, birth preferences, and childbirth experiences. High levels of fear of childbirth have been associated with increased cesarean section rates, negative birth perceptions, and postpartum psychological problems.
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a solution-focused childbirth preparation education program based on the Health Belief Model on fear of childbirth and belief in normal birth among primigravida women. Secondary outcomes include pregnancy-related stress and mode of delivery.
Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving structured education or a control group receiving routine prenatal care. Data will be collected before and after the intervention using validated measurement tools, and delivery outcomes will be recorded after birth. The findings are expected to contribute to improving maternal psychological well-being and promoting positive childbirth experiences.
详细描述
Pregnancy is a unique period characterized by significant physiological and psychosocial changes, during which women adopt new roles and adapt to this transition. Fear of childbirth (tokophobia) is a common condition that can negatively affect women's quality of life, childbirth preferences, and delivery outcomes. High levels of fear of childbirth have been associated with increased cesarean section rates and adverse psychological outcomes.
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a solution-focused childbirth preparation education program based on the Health Belief Model on fear of childbirth, belief in normal birth, pregnancy-related stress, and mode of delivery in primigravida women.
Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a structured childbirth preparation education program based on the Health Belief Model and a solution-focused approach, while the control group will receive the standard antenatal education program provided by the Ministry of Health (Pregnancy School).
Data will be collected at three time points: before the intervention, after the intervention, and in the postpartum period, using validated measurement tools. Delivery outcomes will be recorded following birth.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 49 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Being 18 years of age or older
- •Having at least a primary school level of education
- •Being able to understand and speak Turkish
- •Having a singleton pregnancy
- •Being a primigravida
- •Being between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation at the time of the intervention.
排除标准
- •Having a high-risk pregnancy (e.g., preeclampsia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, placenta previa, oligohydramnios)
- •Having a chronic and/or psychiatric disorder
- •Having conceived through infertility treatment
研究组 & 干预措施
Intervention Group
Participants will receive a structured childbirth preparation education program consisting of six sessions based on the Health Belief Model and solution-focused approach principles. The program will be delivered face-to-face by the researcher to pregnant women at 28-32 weeks of gestation, twice weekly for three weeks, in small groups of 5-10 participants. The sessions will include education on pregnancy, stages of labor and modes of birth, non-pharmacological methods for coping with labor pain, coping strategies to reduce fear of childbirth, stress management, relaxation exercises, and promotion of positive beliefs toward normal birth. The intervention will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Health Belief Model and the solution-focused approach.
干预措施: Health Belief Model-Based Solution-Focused Childbirth Preparation Education (Behavioral)
Control Group
Participants in the control group will receive the standard antenatal education program provided by the Ministry of Health (Pregnancy School) during 28-32 weeks of gestation. The program will be delivered face-to-face in a group format once weekly for three weeks, consisting of a total of three sessions. Routine education will include information on pregnancy, preparation for childbirth, the postpartum period, newborn care, and breastfeeding.
干预措施: Standard Antenatal Education (Pregnancy School) (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Fear of Childbirth (Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire - W-DEQ Version A and B)
时间窗: Version A: Baseline (28-32 weeks of gestation) and immediately after completion of the 3-week intervention; Version B: within 48 hours postpartum.
Fear of childbirth will be assessed using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ). Version A will be administered during pregnancy at baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention, and Version B will be administered within 48 hours postpartum. Scores range from 0 to 165 for Version A and 0 to 160 for Version B. Higher scores indicate greater fear of childbirth. For Version A, a score of 85 or higher indicates clinical levels of fear of childbirth.
Belief in Normal Birth (Belief Scale for Vaginal Birth - BSVB)
时间窗: Baseline (28-32 weeks of gestation) and immediately after completion of the 3-week intervention.
Belief in normal birth will be assessed using the Belief Scale for Vaginal Birth. Scores range from 24 to 120. Higher scores indicate stronger belief in normal birth and more positive attitudes toward vaginal birth. Based on total scores, levels of belief in normal birth are classified as low (24-56), moderate (57-88), and high (89-120).
次要结局
- Pregnancy Stress (Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale - PSRS)(Baseline (28-32 weeks of gestation) and immediately after completion of the 3-week intervention.)
- Mode of Delivery(At delivery)
研究者
Seyhan ALPAY
PhD Candidate
Ordu University