Effect of Weight Management Programs on Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in Overweight Women
- Conditions
- Overweight and ObesityDyslipoproteinemia
- Interventions
- Dietary Supplement: Meal replacement (MR)Dietary Supplement: VerumOther: Control (C)Other: Placebo
- Registration Number
- NCT03109834
- Lead Sponsor
- Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r.A., Cologne, Germany
- Brief Summary
Aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate whether a diet with meal replacements can be as effective as a conventional energy-restricted modified diet on weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight women. Moreover, the impact of these two different weight management strategies was observed on cardiometabolic risk profile after a self-directed weight stabilization phase following the weight loss phase. After that, the effect of a specific micronutrient composition with omega-3 fatty acids versus placebo on cardiometabolic risk was observed during a following phase of weight loss maintenance.
- Detailed Description
Abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension are essential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Several studies showed favorable effects of weight loss in overweight subjects on cardiometabolic risk profile.
The study was divided into a 3-month weight loss phase (phase 1), a subsequent 3-month phase of weight stabilization (phase 2) and a 6-month phase of weight loss maintenance (phase 3).
For a total of 6 months subjects were randomly assigned to the meal replacement (MR) or control (C) group at baseline I.
During weight loss phase both dietary intervention groups followed an energy-restricted diet with a balanced variety of nutrient-dense food of approximately 1200 kcal/d. The MR-WL group (MR group during weight loss phase) was advised to replace two of three meals every day with meal replacements. The C-WL group (C group during weight loss phase) was advised to follow a conventional energy-restricted modified diet with 15-20% of energy intake in the form of protein, 50-55% of energy intake in the form of carbohydrates and 30% of energy intake in the form of fat. All participants attended ten group training sessions for nutrition education.
During weight stabilization phase all women of MR-S and C-S group (MR and C group during weight stabilization phase) were encouraged to consume a self-directed well-balanced variety of nutrient-dense foods without meal intervention. However, the MR-S and C-S group were instructed to continue the implemented nutrition advice of weight loss phase.
At the beginning of weight loss maintenance phase (baseline II) women were randomly assigned to the verum (specific micronutrient composition with omega-3 fatty acids) group or placebo group. Both groups were encouraged to consume a self-directed well-balanced variety of nutrient-dense foods.
All women participated in an exercise program (fitness walking) on 1-2 days per week during all three phases of the study for a total of 12 months.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Female
- Target Recruitment
- 105
- BMI: between 27.0 and 34.9 kg/m²
- One of the following blood lipids: total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol ≥ 175 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol ≤ 50 mg/dL, TG 150-400 mg/dL
- women, 18-60 years
Specific
- lactose or protein intolerance
- hypo- or hyperthyroidism
- pharmacological treatment of diabetes
- intake of vitamins or mineral supplements
- anticoagulants
- cardiac pacemaker
- contraindications to exercise
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Meal replacement (MR) group Meal replacement (MR) Energy-restricted modified diet with MR for weight control dietary supplement: MR shakes, soups or bars. Duration: 3-month weight loss phase (phase 1) During weight stabilization phase (phase 2) MR counted to food choice option. Verum group Verum Specific micronutrient composition with omega-3 fatty acids (capsules) Duration: 6-month weight maintenance phase (phase 3) Control (C) group Control (C) Energy-restricted modified diet without MR for weight control. Duration: 3-month weight loss phase (phase 1) During 3-month weight stabilization phase (phase 2) MR counted to food choice option. Placebo group Placebo Placebo capsules Duration: 6-month weight maintenance phase (phase 3)
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Weight loss (phase 1) 3-month dietary intervention (from baseline I to 3rd month) Intervention changes in body weight
Total antioxidant capacity (phase 3) 6-month dietary intervention (from baseline II to 12th month) Intervention changes in total antioxidant capacity
Fasting plasma cortisol concentration (phase 3) 6-month dietary intervention (from baseline II to 12th month) Intervention changes in fasting plasma cortisol concentration
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Waist circumference (phase 3) 6-month dietary intervention (from baseline II to 12th month) Intervention changes in waist circumference
Relative body fat (phase 1) 3-month dietary intervention (from baseline I to 3rd month) Intervention changes in relative body fat
Fasting plasma cortisol concentration (phase 1) 3-month dietary intervention (from baseline I to 3rd month) Intervention changes in fasting plasma cortisol concentration
Relative body weight (phase 3) 6-month dietary intervention (from baseline II to 12th month) Intervention changes in relative body weight
Responder (weight loss > 5%) 12 months (from baseline I to 12th month) Responder rate after 12 months
Waist circumference (phase 1) 3-month dietary intervention (from baseline I to 3rd month) Intervention changes in waist circumference
Total antioxidant capacity (phase 1) 3-month dietary intervention (from baseline I to 3rd month) Intervention changes in total antioxidant capacity
Relative body weight (phase 1) 3-month dietary intervention (from baseline I to 3rd month) Intervention changes in relative body weight
Responder (weight loss > 5%) (phase 1) 3-month dietary intervention (from baseline I to 3rd month) Responder rate after 12 weeks
Relative body fat (phase 3) 6-month dietary intervention (from baseline II to 12th month) Intervention changes in relative body fat