The Effect of Smartphone Addiction on the Musculoskeletal System
Overview
- Phase
- N/A
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Myofascial Trigger Point
- Sponsor
- Istanbul Arel University
- Enrollment
- 136
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Forward head posture
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 4 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Background and aim: The use of smartphones, which has reached the level of addiction causes some physical and psychological health problems. The aim was to examine the musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremities of mobile phone addiction in a population of young adults.
Methods: The study is a cross sectional research conducted on students of a university in İstanbul between December 2018-October 2020. The level of addiction was assessed with the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form (SAS-SF). The posture of participants was evaluated by New York Posture Rating Chart (NYPRC), mostly usage smartphone posture, forward head and myofascial trigger points were questioned according to Simon and Travel criteria. Mann-Whitney U test Pearson's chi-squared test were used for analyzing the data.
Investigators
Özden Laçin
lecturer
Istanbul Arel University
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •used smartphones
- •volunteered to participate in the study.
Exclusion Criteria
- •having any history of trauma at the neck region within the last six months,
- •taking any treatment for trigger points within the last 3 months
- •having a history of neck surgery.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Forward head posture
Time Frame: Baseline
Forward head postures of the participants were evaluated by measuring the tragus to wall distance with a tape measure. For forward head posture, the patients were measured in standing position, leaning against the back wall, in free posture
myofascial trigger point
Time Frame: Baseline
The presence of myofascial trigger points were questioned by Simon and Travel's criteria in the sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboid, infraspinatus and cervical extensor muscles. These criteria were -The presence of a tender spot in a taut band or nodules of skeletal muscle; -Subject recognition of pain upon palpation of a tender spot; -Subject referred pain pattern; -The presence of a local twitch response
Smartphone Addiction
Time Frame: Baseline
Smartphone Addictive Scale - Short Form (SAS - SF) that developed by Kwan et al. (2013), was used for the assessment of smartphone addiction. The cut off value of SAS-SF are 31 for men, 33 for women (6). The Turkish translated version of the SAS - SF is a reliable, consistent and valid instrument
Posture
Time Frame: Baseline
The posture of the participants was assessed by using the New York Posture Rating Chart (NYPRC). In this evaluation method, postural changes that may occur in 13 different parts of the body (head, neck, shoulder, scapula, upper thoracic, waist, rips, abdomen, hips, knees, legs, feet and toe) are observed and scored. Each body segment was scored on the scale of; 5 (correct posture), 3 (slight deviation), or 1 (pronounced deviation). Higher points show better postural alignment