Intraoperative fluorescent imaging techniques using indocyanine green for cholangiography and identification of primary and secondary liver cancers - Intraoperative fluorescent imaging with ICG for cholangiography and identification of liver cancers

Fluorescence cholangiography delineated the confluence between the cystic duct and common hepatic duct before and after dissection of triangle of Calot in 80 patients and 99 patients, respectively. In hepatectomy, ICG fluorescence imaging enabled identification of 273 of 276 HCCs in the resected specimens. HCCs showed that concerous-type fluorescence was associated with higher cancer cell differentiation as compared with rim-type HCCs (P less than 0.001).