Investigation of Medial Longitudinal Arch and Foot Function in Patients With Lipedema: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lipedema is a progressive adipose tissue disorder characterized by disproportionate subcutaneous fat accumulation, predominantly in the lower extremities. Patients frequently experience pain, easy bruising, reduced quality of life, and musculoskeletal complications such as joint laxity and hypermobility. Although previous studies have suggested an increased prevalence of hypermobility in individuals with lipedema, the potential impact of these biomechanical changes on foot posture and foot function remains insufficiently studied.

This case-control, single-session, single-blind (participant-blinded) study is designed to evaluate structural and functional foot characteristics in women diagnosed with lipedema, compared with age- and BMI-matched controls presenting with nonspecific foot pain. The primary radiographic variables include the Meary angle and calcaneal inclination angle measured on standardized lateral foot radiographs. These measurements provide objective quantification of midfoot alignment and arch height, enabling detection of pes planus and related morphological deviations.

In addition to radiographic assessment, the study incorporates established clinical tools to quantify joint hypermobility, foot function, pain severity, and physical activity levels. The Beighton score will be used to determine generalized joint hypermobility. Functional and symptomatic status will be evaluated using validated questionnaires, including the Foot Function Index (FFI), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF).

Sociodemographic and clinical data-including disease duration, comorbidities, and lower extremity volumetric measurements-will be systematically recorded to identify potential associations between patient characteristics and foot morphology. The study aims to clarify whether the presence of hypermobility in lipedema contributes to alterations in medial longitudinal arch structure and whether these changes are more prevalent than in a matched control population.

The findings are expected to provide insight into the biomechanical consequences of lipedema, support more accurate clinical assessment, and potentially guide rehabilitative strategies targeting lower extremity alignment and function in this patient group.