A Phase III Multicentre Double Blind Randomised Trial of Celecoxib Versus Placebo in Primary Breast Cancer Patients
试验速览
- 阶段
- 3 期
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 2,639
- 主要终点
- Disease Free Survival (DFS) Benefit of Two Years Adjuvant Therapy With the COX-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Compared With Placebo in Primary Breast Cancer Patients.
研究概览
简要总结
It has been found that the chemical changes that take place in a patient's body during the development of inflammation may provide an environment which stimulates cancer cells. One step in the development of inflammation is the production of certain chemical substances which are important in the formation and spread of tumours. These are called prostaglandins. Cyclo-oxygenase II (COX-2) is an enzyme (a substance that speeds up chemical changes in the body) involved in the production of these prostaglandins and although it is not usually present in most tissues it is made at the sites of inflammation. Celecoxib is a selective Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) which works by blocking the action of the COX-2 enzyme, leading to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins and a reduction in inflammation.
The purpose of this study is therefore to find out if celecoxib can be used after breast cancer treatment (chemotherapy and/ or radiotherapy) to reduce inflammation and thus reduce the ability of new tumours to grow and survive.
2590 women with primary breast cancer will be recruited in this study from several locations in the United Kingdom and Germany. Eligible patients will be randomly allocated a treatment group, which can be celecoxib or placebo. Both treatments are taken orally (celecoxib 400mg daily, placebo 2 tablets daily) for a total of 2 years. In addition, hormone receptor positive patients will receive endocrine treatment as per local practice. Patients will prematurely discontinue treatment with celecoxib/placebo if disease progression is confirmed or if patients experience unacceptable toxicity.
Patients will be seen every 6 months for the first 3 years and then off treatment follow-up is carried out annually. Participating patients will also be given the option to take part in the pathology sub-study by donating a sample of the tumour tissue collected at the time of the primary surgery.
详细描述
It has long been recognised that there is an association between chronic immune activation and cancer but the mechanisms behind this observation are not fully understood. The inflammatory process may provide an environment for development of malignant disease, with mediators of inflammatory response such as the cyclo-oxygenases playing an important role and providing a target for therapeutic intervention.
Prostaglandins (PGs) are synthesised from phospholipids by the action of phospholipase A2 and cyclo-oxygenases. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) -1 differs from COX-2 in that the latter is inducible and its expression is induced by a large range of oncogenes and growth factors. Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that does not cause the effects of COX-1 inhibition, namely gastrointestinal ulceration.
The key regulatory step in this process is the enzymatic conversion of fatty acids to PGG2 and PGH2 by COX. PGH2 is subsequently converted to one of several structurally related PGs including PGE2, PGD2, PGF2, and thromboxane A2 (TxA2), by the activity of specific PG synthases. PGs have important functions in every organ system and regulate a variety of physiological functions such as immunity, maintenance of vascular integrity and bone metabolism. COX-2 is not normally expressed in most tissues, but is induced by a wide spectrum of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in specific pathophysiological conditions. The expression of COX-2 is highly induced in cells transformed with the oncogene v-src or treated with phorbol esters.
Several studies have suggested an association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) consumption and decreased breast cancer risk.
Elevated COX expression in breast cancer was suggested some time ago by the finding of elevated PG production in breast tumours.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Completely resected (greater or equal 1mm), histologically or cytologically proven unilateral breast cancer
- •Female greater or equal 18 years of age
- •If (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy received, patient must have received at least 4 cycles. Chemotherapy must be completed prior to study entry
- •Hormone Receptor negatives must have received prior chemotherapy
- •Study entry must be within any of the following timelines: 3 months of the end of definitive breast surgery OR between 3 weeks and 4 months after day 1 of the last cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy OR 6 weeks of the end of radiotherapy.
- •WHO performance status 0 or 1
- •Pre-treatment haematology and biochemistry values within acceptable local limits: Haemoglobin, white blood cell greater or equal to 3.0 x 109/l or absolute neutrophil count greater or equal to 1.51 x 109/l, Platelets greater or equal to 100 x 109/l, Serum bilirubin less than 1.5 x upper normal limit , Alkaline phosphatase less or equal to 1.5 x upper normal limit , Serum creatinine less than 1.5 x upper normal limit
- •Negative pregnancy test for patients with child-bearing potential
- •Normal baseline ECG and clinical cardiovascular assessment after completion of all (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy
- •No previous or current evidence for metastatic disease
- •Be accessible for and consent to long term follow-up
- •Written informed consent prior to commencement of specific protocol procedures must be obtained and documented according to the local regulatory requirements
- •Exclusion Criteria
- •Patients with node negative, T1, Grade 1 breast cancer
- •Unresectable, metastatic or bilateral breast cancer
- •Active or previous peptic ulceration or gastrointestinal bleeding in the last year
- •Active or previous history of inflammatory bowel disease
- •A past history of adverse reaction/hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, including celecoxib and salicylates, or sulphonamides
- •On current or planned chronic NSAIDs therapy (except low dose aspirin 100 mg four times per day or 325mg once daily).
- •Current or long-term use of oral corticosteroids
- •Known or suspected congestive heart failure (greater than New York Heart Association I) and/or coronary heart disease, previous history of myocardial infarction, uncontrolled arterial hypertension (ie BP greater than 160/90mmHg) under treatment with two anti-hypertensive drugs, rhythm abnormalities requiring permanent treatment.
- •Patients with diabetes controlled by diet and oral medication are eligible for the study however patients with insulin dependent diabetes are excluded
- •Past history of stroke/Transient ischaemic attack, symptomatic peripheral vascular disease or carotid disease
- •Previously entered into an adjuvant chemotherapy trial for which approval for entry into REACT has not been granted
- •ER receptor status unknown, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or FISH positive, or Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status unknown
- •Hormone Receptor negative and not received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy
- •Use of hormone replacement therapy within the last 6 weeks
- •Pregnant or lactating women or women of childbearing potential unwilling/unable to use non-hormonal contraception
- •No previous or concomitant malignancies except adequately treated squamous cell / basal cell carcinoma of the skin, in situ carcinoma of the cervix or ductal carcinoma in situ/lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast, unless there has been a disease-free interval of 10 years or more
- •Psychiatric or addictive disorders which could preclude obtaining informed consent
- •Clinical evidence of severe osteoporosis and/or history of osteoporotic fracture
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
Celecoxib
Patients in this arm will receive 400mg of celecoxib once daily. In addition, Hormone Receptor (+) patients will receive endocrine treatment according to local practice.
干预措施: Celecoxib (Drug)
Placebo
Patients in this arm will receive 2 tablets once daily. In addition Hormone Receptor (+) patients will receive endocrine treatment according to local practice.
干预措施: Placebo (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Disease Free Survival (DFS) Benefit of Two Years Adjuvant Therapy With the COX-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Compared With Placebo in Primary Breast Cancer Patients.
时间窗: Patients will be followed up to 10 years. DFS will be calculated from date of randomization until the date of first documented DFS event, this will be assessed at 2 and 5 years
From time of randomisation to the date of first event; with events contributing to the analysis defined as loco-regional and distant breast cancer recurrence, new primary breast cancer (ipsilateral or contralateral) and death without disease relapse (intercurrent death)
次要结局
- Overall Survival(Date of randomisation until the date of death from any cause or censored at the date the patient was last seen alive, this will be assessed at 2 and 5 years)
- Cardiovascular Mortality(Patients are followed up to 10 years, any deaths within this timeframe with cardiovascular involvement reported are included in the analysis.)
- Number of Participants With Incidence of Second Primary Breast Cancers(From randomisation until a second primary breast cancer is diagnosed. Patients will be followed up to 10 years.)