Comparison of Optical Quality With Different Placement of Refractive Multifocal Intraocular Lens

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Procedure: 0 to 180 degree SBL-3 implantation
Procedure: angle kappa based SBL-3 implantation

Brief Summary: The study aims to compare postoperative optical quality between two different implanting position of a rotationally asymmetric MIOL \[SBL-3 Lenstec; +3.00 diopters (D)\], angle kappa based implantation and 0 to 180 degree implantation, in order to find out the optimal implantation position for SBL-3.

Detailed Description: SBL-3 has been proved to provide patients with good near, intermediate and distant visual acuity, but there is not much study on the impact of SBL-3 position on postoperative visual acuity.The regional refractive design of SBL-3 means it could be affected by pupil center shift (described by angle kappa: the difference between visual axis and pupil axis), the investigators assume that maintaining the ideal ratio of distant and near segment(50% vs 42%) in the pupil center could yield both good distant and near postoperative visual acuity postoperatively. Therefore, the investigators designed the implantation by placing the IOL based on angle kappa to make sure the ratio of distant and near segment exposure in the pupil center close to 50:42. In this study, the investigators assessed the optical quality in patients with SBL-3 implantation based on angle kappa and 0 to 180 degree to provide surgeons with information for choosing appropriate implantation position for optimum postoperative satisfaction of SBL-3.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

patients with active ocular inflammation
neuro-ophthalmic disease and macular disease
previous corneal or intraocular surgery, corneal opacities or disease
patients had surgical complications, pupillary trauma, inability to place the lens in the capsular bag
IOL tilt or decentration deviated from intraoperative positioning
difficulties with examinations and follow-up

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
control group	0 to 180 degree SBL-3 implantation	Subjects in this group will go through a cataract surgery with SBL-3 implantation in the direction of 0 to 180 degree guided by Callisto Eye System(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) intraoperatively.
design group	angle kappa based SBL-3 implantation	Subjects in this group will go through a cataract surgery with SBL-3 implantation based on kappa angle(described by Pentacam HR preoperatively) guided by Callisto Eye System(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) intraoperatively.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Uncorrected visual acuity	3 months postoperatively	Comparison of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), intermediate visual acuity, near visual acuity were measured at 5m, 80cm and 33cm respectively. All visual acuity measurements were conducted under photopic conditions (85 cd/m2) and at 100% contrast in design group and control group.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Defocus curve	3 months postoperatively	Monocular defocus curves were obtained in all patients, positioned at 5m under photopic (\>85 cd/m 2 ) condition to measure the visual acuity with each defocus lens, representing the consecutive visual function of each eye. Negative lenses were added in 0.50 D steps and the visual acuity was recorded for each type of defocus level. The procedure was then repeated but with positive lenses. The range of defocus evaluated was from -4.00D to +2.00D.
Optical quality	3 months postoperatively	An OPD scan III aberrometer (NIDEK Co. Ltd., Gamagori, Japan) was used to evaluate postoperative mesopic and photopic pupil diameters and the quality of vision in each subject. Visual acuity was evaluated by MTF(modulation transfer function), SR(strehl ratio), intraocular total aberration, high order aberration, spherical aberration, coma aberration, trefoil aberration under 4mm pupil diameter.
Contrast sensitivity	3 months postoperatively	Contrast sensitivity measures were conducted uniocularly, under photopic, mesopic (5 cd/m2), photopic with glare and mesopic with glare conditions, with the OPTEC 6500 contrast sensitivity test (Stereo Optical, USA). Contrast sensitivity was evaluated at five spatial frequencies (1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree \[cpd\]). Patients were allowed 5 minutes to adapt to each illumination level before testing.