A Study of Withdrawal of Immunosuppression and Donor Lymphocyte Infusions Following Allogeneic Transplant for Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies

Phase 2

Completed

• Conditions: Acute Leukemia; Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; Monosomy 7; Bone Marrow Clonal Malformations; Biphenotypic Leukemia; Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Pre-leukemic Syndromes; Myelodysplastic Syndromes
• Interventions: Other: Withdrawal of immunosuppression and donor lymphocyte infusion

• Registration Number: NCT01036009
• Lead Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco

Brief Summary

There is no curative therapy once acute leukemia patients relapse after transplant. Patients who develop clinically significant graft versus host disease (GVHD) have a lower rate of relapse than those who do not develop GVHD. We are initiating this study of post-transplant fast withdrawal of immunosuppression and donor lymphocyte infusions, with a goal of achieving full donor chimerism in children with hematologic malignancies. If our hypothesis that full donor chimerism results in leukemia-free survival is correct, using immune modulation to achieve full donor chimerism should decrease relapse rate and thus increase survival. The goal of this Phase II study is to identify if achieving full donor chimerism in whole blood CD3+ and leukemia-specific (CD14/15+, CD19+, CD33+ and CD34+) subset may decrease the risk of relapse of patients undergoing allogeneic transplant for hematologic malignancy.

Detailed Description

The goal of this Phase II study is to identify if achieving full donor chimerism in whole blood, CD3+, and leukemia-specific subset (CD3+, CD14/15+, CD19+, CD33+ and CD34+ subset) may decrease the risk of relapse of patients undergoing allogeneic transplant for hematologic malignancy.

We estimate that total of 50 recipient patients will need to be enrolled. Of these 50 recipient patients an observation group and an intervention group will be formed. We want to enroll 25 recipient patients in the intervention group, this group will receive study intervention and their outcomes will be the focus of statistical analysis for this study. Intervention will involve fast withdrawal of immunosuppression following transplant and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) until full donor chimerism is achieved. Chimerism is a genetic test that measures the proportion of donor's and recipient's cells in blood or bone marrow. Twenty five patients will undergo fast withdrawal of immunosuppression and 33 -50% of them (8-13) will undergo DLI following fast withdrawal of immunosuppression.

Patients will have peripheral blood (PB) chimerism tested upon engraftment. A confirmatory test from PB and bone marrow (BM) will be done on day 45±7. Minimal residual disease (MRD) will be examined by immunoflow, FISH, cytogenetics or PCR. Patients with positive MRD will be on a faster schedule of immune intervention than patients with negative MRD. Interventions will be carried on until 1 year post transplant. If confirmatory testing shows no evidence of MRD and full donor chimerism is present in all subsets, the patient will be part of the "observation" group and be observed until 2 years post transplant. Chimerism will be repeated at 12 and 24 months post transplant. If the patient has mixed chimerism on both confirmatory tests (PB and BM), the patient will be part of the "intervention" group and fast withdrawal of immunosuppression will be initiated. If the patient has mixed chimerism on one of the confirmatory tests (PB or BM), the test will be repeated in 2 weeks and the patient will proceed with either observation or intervention, based on the result of the repeated test. Patients will be followed for the incidence of acute and chronic Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) and relapse until 2 years post transplant. The study will be considered successful if the relapse rate at 2 years post transplant is ≤20% for the entire study or ≤ 40% for the intervention group.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2009-10
• Study First Submitted: 2009-12-17
• Study First Submitted QC: 2009-12-18
• Study First Posted: 2009-12-21
• Primary Completion: 2014-07
• Results First Submitted: 2014-10-21
• Results First Submitted QC: 2014-10-26
• Results First Posted: 2014-10-31
• Study Completion: 2015-07
• Status Verified: 2016-05
• Last Update Submitted: 2016-05-18
• Last Update Posted: 2016-06-23

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 43

Inclusion Criteria

• Age 6 months - 25 years.
• Diagnoses of acute leukemia (AML, ALL, biphenotypic leukemia), pre-leukemic syndromes (monosomy 7 or other bone marrow clonal malformations), JMML, myelodysplastic syndromes or CML.
• Undergoing an allogeneic transplant as standard care.
• Performance status: Karnofsky/Lansky>60%.
• Availability of pre-transplant recipient's DNA and donor's DNA for chimerism testing. This could be DNA or material from which DNA could be extracted. Frozen blood would be preferred. For some patients, post transplant specimens that are not infiltrated with donor cells may be used.
• Bone marrow or PBMTC as stem cell source.HLA matching: donor and recipient should be matched at a minimum of 7/8 antigens (A,B,C and DrB1) for bone marrow and PBMTC transplants.
• No history of ≥grade III acute GVHD.

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Exclusion Criteria

• Treatment on other experimental protocols, if withdrawal of immunosuppression interferes with procedures of follow-up on the primary study.
• Leukemia relapse defined as > 5% blasts on bone marrow exam or >1% leukemia cells by immunoflow MRD, or presence of extramedullary leukemia.
• History of acute GVHD ≥ stage III or with any degree of active acute or cGVHD.
• On steroids for any reason.
• Any condition that compromises compliance with the objectives and procedures of this protocol, as judged by the principal investigator.
• Cells for DLI cannot be obtained from the donor.

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Group II: Intervention	Withdrawal of immunosuppression and donor lymphocyte infusion	Group II (intervention): Patients undergo withdrawal of immunosuppression and receive donor lymphocyte infusions between days 60-365 post-transplant (or until full donor chimerism is achieved). Patients also undergo clinical monitoring and repeat chimerism testing as in group I.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Relapse at 2 Years Post-transplant.	2 years post transplant.	Definition of relapse was \>5 % blasts in bone marrow

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The Incidence of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (aGVHD).	2 years post transplant	Definition and diagnostic criteria of aGVHD according to: 1994 Consensus Conference on Acute GVHD Grading. Przepiorka D1, Weisdorf D, Martin P, Klingemann HG, Beatty P, Hows J, Thomas ED. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1995 Jun;15(6):825-8.; In this system, patients are divided into one of four grades (I-IV) depending on the degree, or stage, of involvement in three organs. The skin is staged with percent body surface involved, the liver is staged with degree of bilirubin elevation, and the gastrointestinal tract is staged with amount of diarrhea.
The Incidence of Chronic GVHD (cGVHD).	2 years post transplant	Diagnostic criteria of cGVHD from: Filipovich AH, Weisdorf D, Pavletic S et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-host disease: I Diagnosis and Staging Working Group Report. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2005;11:945-955.; The diagnosis of chronic GVHD requires the following: 1) Distinction from acute GVHD; 2) Presence of at least 1 diagnostic clinical sign of chronic GVHD or presence of at least 1 distinctive manifestation confirmed by pertinent biopsy or other relevant tests; 3) Exclusion of other possible diagnoses.; Scoring of organ manifestations requires careful assessment of signs, symptoms, laboratory values, and other study results. A clinical scoring system (0-3) is used for evaluation of the involvement of individual organs and sites. Global assessment of severity (mild, moderate, or severe) is derived by combining organ- and site-specific scores.
2 Years Post-transplant Survival.	2 years post transplant

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

University of California; 🇺🇸 San Francisco, California, United States

All Children's Hospital; 🇺🇸 St. Petersburg, Florida, United States