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Comparison of Bed up Head Elevated Position With Sniffing Position in Rapid Sequence Induction.

Not Applicable
Conditions
Endotracheal Intubation in Bed up Head Elevation Position in Rapid Sequence Induction
Interventions
Other: comparison between two different intubating position
Registration Number
NCT03912935
Lead Sponsor
University of Malaya
Brief Summary

This study is aimed to conduct a randomised controlled trial comparing endotracheal intubation (ETI) in bed up head elevation BUHE position versus sniffing position in simulated rapid sequence induction (RSI).

Objective is to determine if the time taken for intubation in the bed up head elevated position is non-inferior to time taken for intubation in the sniffing position.

The hypotheses:

1. In patients undergoing rapid sequence induction in simulated emergency surgery under general anaesthesia, direct laryngoscopy (DL) and ETI in the BUHE position is non inferior to time required for DL and successful ETI in the sniffing position.

2. In patients undergoing rapid sequence induction in simulated emergency surgery under general anaesthesia, direct laryngoscopy (DL) and ETI in the BUHE position improve POGO score.

3. In patients undergoing rapid sequence induction in simulated emergency surgery under general anaesthesia, direct laryngoscopy (DL) and ETI in the BUHE position reduces airway related complications.

Terminology:

Direct laryngoscopy (DL) and Endotracheal intubation (ETI): Is a method of inserting a breathing tube into the trachea (windpipe) once patient undergo general anaesthesia.

Bed up head elevation (BUHE): Bed up at 20-30 degree aiming alignment between the external auditory meatus with sternal notch.

Sniffing position: Maintaining supine position with head elevation with head rest.

Rapid sequence induction (RSI): An established method of inducing anaesthesia in patients who are at risk of aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs. It involves loss of consciousness during cricoid pressure followed by intubation without face mask ventilation. The aim is to intubate the trachea as quickly and as safely as possible.

POGO score: Percentage of glottic opening

Cricoid Pressure (CP): Maneuvre to prevent regurgitation of gastric contents during induction of anaesthesia by temporary occlusion of the upper end of the esophagus by backward pressure of cricoid cartilage against bodies of cervical vertebrae.

Detailed Description

All patients from age 18 years old to 75 years old undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia in operating theater of University Malaya Medical Centre over a period of 15 months, from April 2018 to June 2019 will be included and recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Those patient that fulfilled the criteria and consented for the study will be randomized to 2 group.

i) BUHE group: Bed up at 20-30 degree aiming alignment between the external auditory meatus with sternal notch.

ii) Sniffing group: Maintaining supine position with head elevation with head rest (foam donut).

Induction of anaesthesia starts with:

* preoxygenation with 100% oxygen for 3-5 min performed until end tidal oxygen of 85% achieved.

* A pre-calculated dose of induction agent is administered, followed immediately by a neuromuscular blocking agent.

(IV Fentanyl 2mcg/kg,IV Propofol 2-3mg/kg,IV Rocuronium 1mg/kg).

* Cricoid pressure at 10 Newton is applied increasing to 30 Newton once consciousness is lost.

* After adequate neuromuscular blockade,both group patients will be intubated by one investigator via direct laryngoscopy using Macintosh blade size 3 or 4.

* Time taken from insertion of Macintosh blade into oral cavity till confirmation of endotracheal tube placement via detection of CO2 on the end tidal CO2 monitor will be recorded.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
UNKNOWN
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
54
Inclusion Criteria
  • All patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia from age 18 years old to 75 years old.
Exclusion Criteria
  • Patients with airway obstruction
  • Patients with contraindication to neck extension
  • BMI> 35kg/m2
  • Patient with history of difficult airway from previous intubation history
  • Only single intubation will be included if patients had multiple surgery during their hospital stay
  • Patients with ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory disease

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Bed up head elevation positioncomparison between two different intubating positionSubject will be maintained at bed up 20-30 degree aiming alignment between the external auditory meatus with sternal notch
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Time in seconds measured from when the laryngoscopy blade passes through the incisors to the first measured end tidal CO2 waveIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

Measured from when the laryngoscopy blade passes through the incisors to the first measured end tidal CO2 wave

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Laryngeal exposure measured via POGO scoreIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

Percentage of glottic opening during laryngoscopy

Occurrence of esophageal intubationIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

Unsuccessful intubation into esophagus

Number of laryngoscopy and intubation attemptIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

Number of attempts taken by investigator to obtain successful endotracheal intubation in both arms

Occurrence of difficult intubationIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

Defined as ≥3 attempts at intubation

Occurrence of hypoxiaIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

Hypoxia defined as pulse oximetry reading less than 95 percents

The use of any other airway adjunct or external laryngeal manipulation to assist in intubationIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

Change of blade size, bougie, magill forcep, video assisted laryngoscope,external laryngeal manipulation (Use of any airway adjunct is grouped as one)

Occurrence of airway traumaIntraoperatively , during induction of anaesthesia

broken tooth, bleeding or injury from oral cavity, tongue or lips, etc

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University Malaya Medical Centre

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Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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