AppReminders Trial - A Pilot Feasibility Trial of a Memory Aid App for People With Acquired Brain Injury

Rationale Brain injury is a leading cause of disability in Scotland. The British Society of Rehabilitation Medicine reports the prevalence of head injury in the UK to be 300 per 100,000 and the prevalence of disabled survivors of brain injury is 100-150 per 100,000. A particularly high prevalence of disability following hospitalisation for brain injury has been reported in Scotland (4.5 times higher than the Department of Health prevalence estimate).

People with brain injury commonly experience difficulties with memory, concentration, attention and judgement, meaning that important everyday actions and tasks are not carried out or not completed, limiting the ability to live independently. Technology-based solutions, including smartphone applications, can help by providing prompts about intended actions at the correct time. However, memory and attention impairments mean people forget to set reminders or fail to set them accurately (e.g. setting the wrong time/date for events). Using co-design methods with prospective users, the investigators developed ApplTree, a smartphone reminding application with design features that can be personalised to individuals. ApplTree prompts reminder setting, supports reminder entry to improve accuracy, and delivers users with prompts at the appropriate times. The investigators wish to find out if such an intervention can improve the everyday memory performance of individuals with memory difficulties following acquired brain injury compared to an off-the-shelf reminding app (Google Calendar). During this project a pilot randomised controlled trial will be conducted to provide crucial information to inform a future larger scale efficacy trial of ApplTree as an intervention to support memory in people with acquired brain injury.

ApplTree app The investigators designed ApplTree with features that our research suggests can help support independent use and increase the efficacy of prompting technology interventions, and which can be personalised according to need and preference.

User Interface (UI) Type: ApplTree has the option of a traditional 'broad-shallow' UI or a 'narrow-deep' UK. The 'narrow-deep' UI has several screens but little information on each screen. Previous research has indicated that this is preferable for people with cognitive impairments when searching for content online compared to the alternative, and more common, 'broad-shallow' UI that contains lots of information on each screen but a small number of screens.

Unsolicited Prompts (UPs): ApplTree provides periodic prompts to encourage the user to set reminders. This is helpful if people have self-monitoring, initiation or mood problems that are common after neurological injury. The investigators investigated UP's previously using a single case experimental design (n=3). Participants set more reminders when receiving UPs illustrating their potential to increase reminder setting. More investigation is needed to understand how they influence acceptability.