Ultra-brief Psychological Treatments for Emocional Symptoms and Disorders: An Efficacy and Efficiency Analysis

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

时间窗: Baseline, post-treatment (two weeks after the end of treatment), and follow-ups (3 and 6 months)

The PHQ-9 is the depression module of the PHQ, that scores the 9 DSM-IV depression criteria present in the last two weeks from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("nearly every day"). A score of 10 is usually set as the cut-off point for major depression disorder (MDD): a score of 10-14 indicates minor depression, moderate MDD, or dysthymia; 15-19, moderately severe MDD; and 20-27, severe MDD. This tool has been tested in Spanish primary care centres (McDonald's ω = .89).

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7)

时间窗: Baseline, post-treatment (two weeks after the end of treatment), and follow-ups (3 and 6 months)

The GAD-7 assesses common anxiety symptoms in the last two weeks, scoring from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("nearly every day"). Cut points of 5, 10, and 15 represent mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively. The algorithm sets 8 as the cut point for GAD, however it has been found that a score of 10 is more optimal. We will use a version validated in Spanish, that was recently tested in primary care centres (Cronbach's α = .83).

Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15)

时间窗: Baseline, post-treatment (two weeks after the end of treatment), and follow-ups (3 and 6 months)

The PHQ-15 is the somatization module of the PHQ. It includes 13 somatic symptoms plus 2 from the PHQ-9 (sleeping problems and fatigue). Scores of 5, 10, and 15 represent low, medium, and high somatic symptom severity, respectively. To screen a somatization disorder, whereas the original algorithm needs of at least a score of 2 in three or more somatic symptoms (sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 71%), the cut point usually used is 10; nevertheless, since this can be obtained with ten symptoms of mild severity, we decided to join both criteria to screen the disorder. Furthermore, an absence of biological cause is also often required (since PHQ-15 does not distinguish between medically explained and unexplained symptoms), but the self-administered nature of the PHQ-15 makes difficult to determine this. The PHQ-15 has been validated with Spanish psychiatric outpatients (α = .78).

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Clinical Version (SCID-5-CV)

时间窗: Baseline and post-treatment (two weeks after the end of treatment).

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Clinical Version (SCID-5-CV), is an interview commonly used to diagnose mental disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria. It is administered by a clinician or trained mental heatlh professional who is familiar with the DSM-5 classification and diagnostic criteria. We will use only the diagnostic criteria to evaluate the existence or not of Major Depressive Episode, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and to exclude the existence of other disorders such as Bipolar Disorder, psychotic disorders, substance use and personality disorder.