Group-based Intervention for Club Patrons

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Drink Too Much
Drug Use
Aggression
Aggression Sexual
Peer Group
Safety Issues
Harm Reduction
Drinking, Binge
Drunk

Interventions: Behavioral: Fire Safety
Behavioral: Three 0's

Registration Number: NCT03652688

Lead Sponsor: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to develop and test a group-based strategy for encouraging groups of young adults who are engaged in party behaviors at nightclubs to intervene with each other to reduce harms associated with overuse of alcohol and recreational drugs and to reduce harms associated with aggression (physical and sexual).

Detailed Description: This study focuses on high risk behaviors (excessive alcohol use, drug use) and unwanted experiences (physical/sexual aggression) that may occur during an evening at a night club for young adults engaged in party behaviors. the goals were: 1) to develop a screener that accurately assesses a group's level of risk for one specific night of club attendance and based upon this assessment, (2) to provide naturally occurring social groups with the necessary skills to identify vulnerability for and to provide them with tools to reduce harms. An algorithm calculated in real time during an entrance survey predicted the types of risks that the group members may encounter during the evening based upon past behaviors and expectations for the evening. Social groups in the experimental condition were exposed to a brief intervention that focused on developing skills described as the 3 O's: a) Outreach-how to approach fellow group members who are at risk, (b) Options-how to suggest options that would increase safety and (c) Out-How to assess when it is time to leave the club. This brief, interactive intervention was delivered by small tablet computers that utilized mobile application technology and cellular wireless service. This low cost delivery was considered important to providing later adoption in the real world and the interactive nature of the intervention was designed to appeal to the young adult population.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 959

Inclusion Criteria

Must be within age range, entering the club that night, group size must be 2 or more

Exclusion Criteria

working or performing at the club that night

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Fire Safety	Fire Safety	Groups in the control condition were also given information on safety and the focus of this safety message was regarding fires in nightclubs. Groups were given didactic materials to read with some still images. There were a few questions for the group to address.
Three 0's	Three 0's	Observed indicators that a group member may be in trouble due identified risks were provided and if detected, they were given practical skills on implementing the 3 0's: Outreach, Options, and Out. Outreach consisted of techniques for approaching your friend and acquiring more information whether there was a problem. Options were to be employed if problems were confirmed and were designed to provide easy, simple steps to reduce risks and decrease probability of escalation of problems. Out refers to the plans the group made before entering the club that they would leave as a group to keep the group members safe. Group commitment to implement these safety steps was emphasized. Interactive and visually attractive scenes were drawn as graphic images to avoid didactic delivery.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Safety Actions Taken to Intervene Within Group	On average, follow up data was collected 1 hour and 54 minutes after baseline (SD 1 hour 3 minutes). The range was from 9 minutes to 5 hours and 15 minutes.	Five types of safety actions were assessed for individuals (as they exited the club) that could have occurred in response to peer's use of alcohol or drugs, experiencing physical aggression and/or sexual aggression. These safety actions were: (1) checked in with friends to assess their safety, (2) monitored alcohol consumption of peers, (3) encouraged peer to pace their drinking, (4) discouraged drug use, and (5) encouraged steps to sober up. An individual could report 0-5 safety actions. Because this was a peer group intervention, a mean score was created for each group by adding the total individual scores within each group, (groups ranged in size from 2-9, making this total possible range 0-45) and dividing these total within group scores by the number in the group. Thus, each peer group had a score ranging from 0-5, with the higher the score, the more protective the group was.
Protective Action Reported for Physical Aggression Incident	On average, follow up data was collected 1 hour and 54 minutes after baseline (SD 1 hour 3 minutes). The range was from 9 minutes to 5 hours and 15 minutes.	Among those who experienced physical aggression, the prevalence of a group member taking action(s) to intervene was reported.
Protective Action Reported for Sexual Aggression Incident	On average, follow up data was collected 1 hour and 54 minutes after baseline (SD 1 hour 3 minutes). The range was from 9 minutes to 5 hours and 15 minutes.	Among those who experienced sexual aggression, the prevalence of a group member taking action(s) to intervene was reported.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Legally Intoxicated	On average, follow up data was collected 1 hour and 54 minutes after baseline (SD 1 hour 3 minutes). The range was from 9 minutes to 5 hours and 15 minutes.	Percent who were legally intoxicated (BAC.08% or higher)
Prevalence of Recreational Drug Use	On average, follow up data was collected 1 hour and 54 minutes after baseline (SD 1 hour 3 minutes). The range was from 9 minutes to 5 hours and 15 minutes.	Any use of recreational drugs present in oral fluid tests based upon lab results
Leaving Club With Friend(s) Arrived With	On average, follow up data was collected 1 hour and 54 minutes after baseline (SD 1 hour 3 minutes). The range was from 9 minutes to 5 hours and 15 minutes.	Prevalence of safety action to leave club with friends that arrived with